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Presentation at Social Equality conference, University of Cape Town, august 2014
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Equality, risks, and certaintyTeppo Eskelinen
Presentation at ”Social equality” conference, Cape Town
Meaning of equality• Rejecting status-based hierarchies
• Modern society: equality = key value and starting point
• Interpretation:
• Libertarian = negative rights, equality before the law
• Social democratic / socialist: economic inequality needs to be adressed, class hierachies to be abolished
• Is redistribution & other economic policy necessary for equality?
Financial capitalism (1)• Outcome of deregulation, financial innovation, birth of offshore
finance etc.
• Not ”neo-liberal”:
• Particular form of power and governance
• Laissez-faire does not equal financialisation
Financial capitalism (2)• 1
• Relative size of finance to production.
• Relative size to capital gains to salaries.
• 2
• Financial imperatives deciding production decisions.
• Financial imperatives disciplining government consumption,
• 3
• The financial risk society.
• The birth of the speculative economy and its politics (bail-outs etc)
The temporal aspect of justice• Any society: implicit and explicit priority orders in exceptional
situations (who is protected?)
• Financial market:
• Explicit: Risks as commodified uncertainties sold on a (very complex) market
• Implicit: Financial interests and protected, ordinary workers vulnerable
• Financial capitalism:
• 1 Increasing number of ”exceptional situations”, exceptions to explicit rules (”financial crises”)
• 2 Increasingly hierarchial implicit risk allocations
• 3 Overturning the classical justification of capitalism
Theory of justice• Universal vs particular
• Marxist, communitarian etc critiques
• Accepting the critique (at least partially):
• 1 Theory of justice has to use concepts relevant to current society (today financial capitalism)
• 2 Hierarchies seek new forms
Conclusions• Problem: determining what is free and voluntary exchange
• Basic service provision important, but also the method of provision
• Abolishment of hierachies of risk/protection positions
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