Renewable energy options – biogas, wind & wave

Renewable Energy Options – Biogas, Wind & Wave

Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency (RE3) and Energy Planning Training Programme

Digana, Kandy

15 - 17 September 2011

Namiz MusaferCountry ManagerPractical Action ConsultingJanathakshan

Biogas

• Organic matter fermented under anaerobic (and some other) conditions could generate biogas

• This is a mixture of gasesCH4 – 55-70%

CO2 – 30% - 40%

H2S, H2O, H2, N2 etc - Rest

Common Organic Matter

• Kitchen/Canteen Waste

• Sewerage (Toilets)

• Garden Waste

• Garbage (Municipal)

• Industrial

• Farms (Livestock/Agriculture)

• Water Hyacinth/Salvinia

Biogas - Dimensions

• Waste Management

• Energy

• Agriculture

• Food

• Livelihoods

Biogas Vs Other Gases

• Biogas

• LP Gas

• Natural Gas

• CNG

• LNG

Biogas as Renewable Energy

Biogas is a combustible gas. Can use for

•Cooking

•Lighting

•Refrigeration

•Electricity

•Water Pumping

•Vehicles

•Ironing / Space Heating / Incubators

Cooking / Lighting

Electricity/Water Pumps

• We can convert diesel / petrol generators to work with biogas

• Scrub H2S to reduce corrosion of engine parts

• Scrub CO2 to reduce efficient drop

Vehicles

Wind Energy

Wind

• Wind = motion of air

• Air move due to pressure differences in the atmosphere

• Different pressures created due to differential heating

Power in Wind

Power P = ½ ρ A V3 (Theoretical)

A – Swept Area (m2)

ρ – Air density (kg/m3)

V – Wind velocity (m/s)

Average Monthly Wind Speeds

Wind Data

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Month

Win

d S

pe

ed

m/s

Jaffna

Kankesanthurai

Mannar

Kalpitiya

Puliyankulam

Mahailuppallama

Polonnaruw a

Aralaganw illa

Karadiyanaru

Trincomalee

Pattiyapola

Thanamalw ila

Hambanatota

Sevanagala

Important wind speeds

• Start up speed (turn the unloaded rotor)

• Cut-in speed (produces net electricity)

• Rated speed (Produces maximum power output)

• Furling speed (Beyond which generator damages)

• Maximum design speed (System collapse)

Examples

• Hambantota Wind Farm (5)

• Kalpitiya Farm / Proposed Mannar Farm

• 50 small wind systems

• 4 Sri Lankan designs

• 5 clustersUsgala, Weerasolai, Talunna, Rasnayakapura, Ranmuduwewa

• Community wind systems (2)Weniwelara – Rasnayakapura

Marine Energy

• Wave

• Tides

• Ocean Currents

• OTEC

Wave Energy

• Generate fm wind. Wind from solar

• Transmit 1000s kms - little loss

• Vary in intensity, available 24*365

• Technologies rely on up-and-down motion

• First patent in 1799

• Scotland, Portugal, Norway, USA, China, Japan, Australia & India

• Peradeni Campus, OUSL, Maldives/NARA

Tide

• An old form of energy used by human

• Tide mills (Spain, France, Brtain) in 787 A.D

• They consist of a storage pond

• Fill by flood tide (through sluice)

• Empty during outgoing (ebb) tide

• Use a water wheel

• Produce mech power (mill grain)

• Produce electricity

Ocean Currents

• Fisher community familiar with

• Affected due to wind, salinity, temperature, topography of ocean floor, earth's rotation

• Submerged water turbines similar to wind turbines

• Rotor blades, generator, posts/cables anchored to sea floor, concentrators around blades to increase flow, means of transporting electricity to shore

OTEC

• Solar radiation > electricity

• Water layers-Diff temps

• Use nat thermal gradient

• 200C is enough

• Drive a steam cycle

• Warm water pass via heat exchanger & Vaporize low boiling point fluid

• Drive turbine > Power

THANK YOU!Acknowledgements

Minidu Abeysekera