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Small Livestock -Big Opportunity for Rural Poor and Women
(Experience of PRADAN)
PRADAN has been working in the poorest districts of India for the last 30 years.
Picture the Change | Change the Picture
1
Professionals with head and heart are
the key drivers
Development needs more human resource than material
PRADAN’s Outreach
Old districts in PRADAN’s outreach
Districts added to Outreach last year
150 Most Backward Districts as identified by the Planning Commission, India under the Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF)
India’s Poorest Areas PRADAN’s Areas Of Operations
40 out of 43 districts PRADAN operates in are identified as backward
under the BRGF
Conscious effort to work in the poorest areas of the country – Eastern & Central tribal belt…
• 400 PRADAN professionals work with 2.5 million people across 7 poorest States• 97% of these people belong to SC, ST and OBC
Immerse Team within Communities
Set up Self-Help Groups
Design and Pilot Livelihood & women empowerment Solutions
Create Linkages for Improved Governance, Women empowerment, Scale and Sustainability
Withdraw once Community is Empowered and Self-Sufficient
1
2
3
4
5
Enter anendemic poor district
Ensure that communities can sustain development and change independent of
PRADAN
PRADAN’s ApproachPicture the Change | Change the Picture
4
...through a patient approach that is sustainable, replicable and where the poor themselves are the drivers of change
Some back ground• Livelihoods strengthening efforts mostly do
not reach the poorer people:– Economically poor-food insecure– Socially disadvantaged-women, destitute, dalits– Physically challenged- physically challenged, old– Resource poor-e.g. landless
• Agriculture and livestock are integral to rural farming system but Livestock unlike agriculture gets low attention
Target was to develop a model to suit the poorest section and can be rolled out in scale
Some realities
• Small livestock (Indigenous poultry bird and goats) keeping is an age old practice by most rural women
• High significance for rural community: rituals, crisis management, food & nutrition security, guest treatment etc.
• Often termed as ATM, Poor women’s cow etc.• Frequent disease outbreak and very high mortality• Low priority and capability of livestock department• In spite of high mortality and high risk poorer families continue to
rear these livestock
Factor criticality analysis in small livestock rearing
Key Factors
Regular vaccination
De-worming
Proper night shelter
Feeding practices
Initial mother stock
Breeding
Medication service
Predation
Marketing
Caring practices
Insurance
Total
Current situation
0
0
1
1
1
0.5
0.5
1
0
1
0
7 (22%)
Criticality (1-5 scale)5
3
3
3
3
2
4
3
1
3
2
32 (100%)
SGSY focus
0
0
3
1
2.5
1.5
1
1
0
2
1
13 (41%)
Taking up agriculture inside
a river
The Model
• Net annual income targeted at Rs 30-40,000• The unit size: 4-5 hen units with flock size of 50-100
and 2-4 mother goats with herd size of 8-15• Enough flexibility- easy to adopt by poorer families• Building on existing stock, local breed- gradual
shifting to intensive level• Primarily depends on available local resources for
feed and other requirements• Low investment and low dependence on external
support
Promotion of small livestock together ?
• It is less attended by formal system• They are often complementary• Sustainability of service system-in small scale• Rearing related know-how are mostly similar• Most family keep those together in small scale• Opportunity varies from area to area• Significant income to the family
Factor criticality analysis in small livestock rearing
Key Factors
Regular vaccination
De-worming
Proper night shelter
Feeding practices
Initial mother stock
Breeding
Medication service
Predation
Marketing
Caring practices
Insurance
Total
Current situation
0
0
1
1
1
0.5
0.5
1
0
1
0
7 (22%)
As per the model
Initial period Afterward
5 5
3 3
1.5 3
2 3
1 3
1.5 2
3 3
1.5 2
0 1
2.5 3
0 0
21 (66%) 28 (88%)
Criticality (1-5 scale)5
3
3
3
3
2
4
3
1
3
2
32 (100%)
SGSY focus
0
0
3
1
2.5
1.5
1
1
0
2
1
13 (41%)
5-Key interventions• Regular de-worming and vaccination
• Supplementary feeding
• Improved shed
• Improved Breeding practices
• Basic care & hygiene
1. Regular de-worming and vaccination
Vaccination calendar
2. Supplementary feeding
3. Care & hygiene
4. Improved shelter
5. Improved breeding practices
5. Improved breeding practices
Economics of BYP
1 hen – 4 month- 6-7 birds1 hen- 1 year- 20 birds4 hens- 1 year- 80 birds
Production and Return
80 birds @250 = Rs 20000
4 goats @ 5000 = Rs 20,000
4 hen and 2 mother goat
Annual income- Rs
40,000
Impact assessment April’12 to April’13 (Covering 1213 families In Patna block, Keonjhar, Odisha)
Control village (One village-98 families)
Treated village (8 villages-1115 families)
Average figures (Per HH) Before After growth Before After growth
Poultry population 4.55 4.46 -2% 9.56 22.41 134%
Goat population 1.63 2.11 29% 2.94 5 70%
Chicks per hen 2.94 2.86 -3% 3.5 4.9 40%
Kids per doe 0.81 0.69 -15% 0.73 1.09 49%Poultry bird mortality(%) 65 23
Goat mortality(%) 20.6 6.3
Benefit realization in one year period (Both poultry birds and goats) (Sample size 1115 families)
Average benefit realized Amount (Rs.)
Average Income realised from sale & consumption 5,324
Income equivalent of stock increase in poultry birds 1,542
Income equivalent of stock increase in goats 4,220
Total Average benefit realized 10,886
Spread
• PRADAN- 24 teams – About 50,000 families• NRLM-various state missions- Jharkhand &
Odisha• Many other NGOs have initiated this model
Key impact areas
5-Key result areas
– Women Empowerment: cash in the hand of women
– Addresses Nutrition security of women and children
– Supports and fosters Children Education
– Significant annual income enhancement- Rs 25-40,000 – Suitability for Poorest of Poor : Anybody can do (ABCD)
Key approach• The CAHW (Community animal health worker) are the key person
in this whole model• Each village should have one CAHW to provide vaccination, de-
worming and primary health care services to the farmers• One CAHW can provide services to about 100 to 200 families on
payment basis• The SHG federation identify, train and support the CAHWs for the
quality delivery of the services• The SHG federation will establish system for the smooth supply of
inputs like vaccines and ensuring cold chain • Minimum unit-2/3 GPs, covering about 2000 families by about
10-15 CAHWs
Challenges• Establishing cold chain in remote areas• Access to quality vaccines• Ensuring payment to service providers• Restriction from department• Establishing self sustaining model in places where
the scope for poultry birds is low• Regularising vaccination process once the disease
is controlled
USP (Anybody can do- including the Poorest)
• Minimal investment both time and money• Can be done along with existing engagements• Can support most families in an area (inclusive)• Less vulnerable to climate change & natural disasters• Low dependence of external support-can be expanded
by community• Highly replicable in different community and
topography• Can be done in scale- carpeting activity
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