AP World Princeton Review Summary 2

Civilizations

Sources of change

Human vs. Nature

Islam

Mohammad

Five Pillars of Islam

Makkah (Mecca)

Medina

Hijra

Abu Bakr

Umayyad Dynasty

Charles Martel

Dome of Rock

Shi’ite (Shia)

Sunni

Abbasid Dynasty

Baghdad

Mongols

Middle Ages

Byzantine Empire

Orthodox Christianity

Justinian

Justinian Code

Hagia Sophia

The Pope

St. Cyril

Vladimir of Kiev

The Franks: A German Tribe

King Clovis

Battle of Tours

Carolingian Dynasty

Pepin

Charlemagne

Otto the Great

Treaty of Verdun

Vikings from Scandinavia

Magyars from Hungary

Fuedalism

Vassles

Manors

Fiefs

Three field system

Code of Chivalry

Primogeniture

Serfs

Burghers

Hanseatic League

Crusades

Heresies

Scholasticism

Pope Innocent III

Thomas Aquinas

Inquisition

William the Conqueror

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Magna Carta

1215- Signed by King John of England to reinstate the feudal right of nobles, but also extended the rule of law to the growing burgher class.

MISSING ???

King Hugh Capet

987- King Hugh ruled only a small area around Paris, but for the next couple of hundred years, subsequent French kings expanded this territory.

Joan of Arc

Claimed to the French authorities that she was divinely inspired to lead men into battle, and gained military backing. She forced the Brits to retreat from Orleans, but was later captured by the French, tried by Brits, and burned at stake by French.

Hundred Year’s War

The Bourbons

Series of French monarchs that unified France, which became a major power in Europe.

Queen IsabellaThe marriage of Queen Isabella of Castille to King Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 united Spain under one crown. This pair of rulers united strongly with the Catholic Church, and began the Spanish Inquisition. They also heightened Spanish nationalism, and gained much wealth and glory. This successful period in Spanish history resulted in the spread of the Spanish language, customs, and Christianity to the New World.

King Ferdinand

Married Isabella of Castille in 1469 to unite Spain.

Spanish Inquistion

Czar

Russian Kings/Emperors that began with Ivan III in the late 1400s when he expanded Muscovy territory (the area surrounding Moscow).

Tatars

Tatars were a group of Mongols from the East, whom Russia succumbed to in 1242. This group of Mongols was headed by Genghis Khan. The Tatars ruled a large piece of Russia for two centuries, which led to a cultural rift that further split eastern from western Europe.

Ivan the Terrible

Mid-1500s Russian ruler from the House of Rurik that centralized power over the entire Russian sphere by horrible rule (hence the name) and using a secret police on his nobles. By this time, Russian nationalism was well under way.

China and Nearby Regions

Emperor Xuanzong

T’ang

Song Dynasty

Wu Zhao

Foot-binding

Those are the toes…ouch

Prince Shotoku

Taika Reforms

Feudal JapanFeudal Castle in Japan

Shogun

Daimyo

Code of Bushido

Timur Lang or Tamerlane

Rise and Fall of the Mongols

Genghis Khan

Golden Horde

Kublai Khan

How the Mongols Did It: No Rest Until Conquest

Big weapons

Lots of people

Big dudes

Inject horses with steroids

The Mongol Impact