Air pollution katya and stoyan
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- Air Pollution Ekaterina Shaleva Stoyan Kolev 10/8
- What is Air Pollution?
- The presence of chemicals in the atmosphere, which are not a
normal part of it [1]
- In other words, it is contaminated air [1]
- The main sources of air pollution are ground-level ozone,
particulate matter (PM), nitrogen and sulphur oxides [5]
http://www.freewebs.com/airawareness/Factory1.jpg
- What is ground-level ozone?
- Ozone(O3) is a gas, which forms a layer that protects the Earth
from ultraviolet rays [5]
- When ground level is created, it becomes a major air pollutant
[2]
- Sources - not emitted directly into the air; [2]
- Health Effects- coughing, irritation of the airways, discomfort
when breathing, premature aging of the lungs, increased risk of
respiratory infections [2]
- Environmental Effects- on plants and ecosystems- damaging
leaves, reducing forest growth and crop yields, making plants more
susceptible to certain diseases [5]
- Economic Effects- tourism suffers, increased cost for health
care services [3]
http://www.greenfacts.org/en/ozone-o3/index.htm#3
- What is particulate matter?
- The sum of all liquid and solid particles in the air [5]
- PM10- big coarse particles (up to 10 micrometers in size),
cause less severe health problems [4]
- PM2.5-small fine particles (up to 2.5 micrometers in size),
worse health effects [4]
- Sources - any activity which involves burning of
materials-forest fires, crushing and grinding rocks, processing
metals [5]
- Health Effects- coughing, wheezing, aggravated asthma, lung
damage [4]
- Environmental Effects- decreases visibility, harms crops and
plants [5]
http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aaqs/pm/hair-slide3-1-450px.gif
- What are Nitrogen Oxides?
- Group of gases composed of nitrogen and oxygen [6]
- Most common are nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, which is a
greenhouse gas [6]
- Sources - motor vehicle exhaust, burning of coal, cigarette
smoking, etc. [6]
- Health Effects- headache, fatigue, dizziness, difficult
breathing, throat spasms, collapse, death [6]
- Environmental Effects- NO2 helps form acid rain, contributes to
global warming, hampers the growth of plants, with VOC forms
ground- level ozone [7]
- What are sulphur oxides?
- Most common is sulphur dioxide, which together with NO2 is one
of the main chemicals that cause acid rain [8]
- Sources- mostly from power station and oil refineries, but also
from volcanoes, forest fires [8]
- Health Effects- respiratory problems, aggravation of existing
cardiovascular diseases [9]
- Environmental Effects damage crops, forests, acidify soils and
water bodies [8]
http://www.treehugger.com/erupting-volcano.jpg
- Bulgarias Air Quality
- Bulgaria has the most polluted air in the European Union
[10]
- Main pollutants- industrial development, deforestation, large
number of old vehicles, coal-fired heating in smaller towns
[10][11]
- Sofia and Plovdiv experience the worst air pollution as well as
the town of Pernik, which has pollution twice the permitted level
(high number of metallurgy plants) [10][12]
- Actions- member of various international environmental
agreements- Air Pollution- Sulfur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Ozone Layer
Protection, etc; imposes EU standards on vehicles and industry
[10][11]
http://dariknews.bg/uploads/news_images/200810/photo_verybig_299899.jpg
- Ex ample #1: Norilsk, Russia
- Worlds largest smelting complex for heavy metals causes extreme
air pollution in a 60 km radius [ 13]
- Metals in the air: nickel 500 tons per year , copper 500 tons
per year , cobalt, lead, selenium [13]
- Other gasses: sulfur dioxide 2 million tons per year, phenols,
hydrogen sulfide [13]
http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/40189000/gif/_40189950_norilsk_nickel2_map416.gif
http://www.spoutnitsi.net/IMG/jpg/ARKTIKA_Norilsk_2002_468.jpg
-
- -Life expectancy- 10 years smaller than anywhere in
Russia;
- -respiratory diseases; ear, nose, throat diseases;
- -pregnancy and birth problems;
- -lung cancer due to sulfur dioxide;
- -responsible for about 20 percent of adult mortality and about
30 percent of adolescent mortality [13]
- Norilsk Nickel ahs spent $5mil Overhauling of dust & gas
recovery & removal systems and plans to decrease sulfur dioxide
emissions by 500% until 2015 [13]
- Example #2: London, England
- Issue: Traffic, Factories produce PM10s [15]
- Air Pollution: PM10s (particles smaller than 10 microns)
[14]
http://www.london-touristguide.com/images/london-europe-big.gif
http://static.guim.co.uk/sys-images/Environment/Pix/columnists/2010/2/23/1266942591039/Air-pollution--The-Houses-001.jpg
-
- -PM10s- small enough to be inhaled in the deepest parts of the
lungs, main cause for lung diseases and heart attacks [14]
- -accounted for the death of 3000 Londoners annually [15]
- Boris Johnson, London mayor is in the process of issuing a ban
on all taxis over 10 years old, which will probably reduce the
crisis by half [15]
- Works Cited
- Air Pollution- Criteria pollutants. Science.jrank.org . 2010.
June 7, 2010 < http :// science . jrank . org / pages /154/ Air
- Pollution . html > [1]
- Health risks of Ozone Pollution. Cleanairtrust.org . 1999. June
7 2010 < http ://www.cleanairtrust.org/ozone.htm l > [2]
- Econimic & Environmental Impacts of Ground Level Ozone.
Valleyairnow.com. June 7, 2010 <
http://www.valleyairnow.com/economicimpact.html > [3]
- What is particulate matter. Airinfonow.com . June 7, 2010 <
http://www.airinfonow.com/html/ed_particulate.html > [4]
- Greenfacts.org. 2001-2009. June 7, 2010 < http://
www.greenfacts.org/en/index.htm > [ 5]
- Nitrogen Oxides. Toxtown . June 7, 2010 < http :// toxtown .
nlm . nih . gov / text _ version / chemicals . php ? id =19 > [
6]
- Tucker, Tyler.Nitrogen Oxide & The Environment.
Belleville.k12.wi.us . 2005. June 7, 2010 < http
://www.belleville.k12.wi.us/bhs/health/environment/nitrogen_oxide.htm
> [7]
- Sulphur dioxide. Environment Agency . 2010. June 7, 2010 <
http :// www . environment - agency . gov . uk / business / topics
/ pollution /433. aspx > [8]
-
- Sulphur Dioxide. Ace.mmu.ac.uk . 2010. June 7, 2010 < http
:// www . ace . mmu . ac . uk / eae / acid _ rain / older / Sulphur
_ Dioxide . html > [9]
- Bulgarian air. Eubusiness.com . 2010. June 7, 2010 < http
:// www . eubusiness . com / news - eu /1236337323.03/ >
[10]
- Environment of Bulgaria. Mapofworld.com . 2009. June 7, 2010
< http://www.mapsofworld.com/bulgaria/environment.html >
[11]
- Bulgaria Suffers. balkaninsight.com . 2007. June 7, 2010 <
http :// www . balkaninsight . com / en / main / news /26238/ >
[12]
- Norilsk, Russia. Worstpolluted.org . 2010. June 7, 2010 <
http://www.worstpolluted.org/projects_reports/display/43 >
[13]
- Particulate. Gbuapcd.org . June 7, 2010 <
http://www.gbuapcd.org/pm10.htm > [ 14]
- Ft.com . 2010. June 6, 2010 < http
://www.ft.com/cms/s/e947eef0-6f71-11df-9f43-00144feabdc0,Authorised=false.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2Fe947eef0-6f71-11df-9f43-00144feabdc0.html&_i_
referer = > [15]