America in the 19th century

America in the 19th Century - CHAPTER 16

Skyscraper

• Made possible due to steel and elevator

Louis Sullivan

• Father of ‘Modern Architecture”

Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott Louis Sullivan: Carson, Pirie, Scott Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899Dept. Store, Chicago, 1899

D. H. Burnham: D. H. Burnham: Marshall Fields Dept. Store, 1902Marshall Fields Dept. Store, 1902

FlatironFlatironBuilding Building

NYC – 1902NYC – 1902

D. H. BurnhamD. H. Burnham

Grand Central Station, 1913Grand Central Station, 1913

John A. Roebling:John A. Roebling:The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883The Brooklyn Bridge, 1883

(the first suspension bridge)(the first suspension bridge)

Frank Lloyd Wright

• American architect, who designed more than 1,000 projects, which resulted in more than 500 completed works

• Wright promoted organic architecture (exemplified by Fallingwater),

• His work includes original and innovative examples of many different building types, including offices, churches, schools, sky scrapers, hotels, and museums.

• Already well-known during his lifetime, Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect of all time"

Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Hollyhock House [Los Angeles], 1917Hollyhock House [Los Angeles], 1917

American architect, who designed more than 1,000 projects, which resulted in

more than 500 completed worksWright promoted organic architecture

(exemplified by Fallingwater), His work includes original and innovative

examples of many different building types, including offices, churches, schools, sky scrapers, hotels, and

museums. Already well-known during his lifetime, Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect of all time"

Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:“Falling Waters”, 1936“Falling Waters”, 1936

American architect, who designed more than 1,000 projects, which resulted in more than 500 completed

worksWright promoted organic architecture (exemplified

by Fallingwater), His work includes original and innovative examples of many different building types, including offices, churches, schools, sky scrapers, hotels, and

museums. Already well-known during

his lifetime, Wright was recognized in 1991 by the

American Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect of all

time"

• American architect, who designed more than 1,000 projects, which resulted in more than 500 completed works

• Wright promoted organic architecture (exemplified by Fallingwater),

• His work includes original and innovative examples of many different building types, including offices, churches, schools, sky scrapers, hotels, and museums.

• Already well-known during his lifetime, Wright was recognized in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect of all time"

Interior of “Falling Waters”Interior of “Falling Waters”

Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Johnson Wax Bldg. – Racine, WI, 1936Johnson Wax Bldg. – Racine, WI, 1936

Frank Lloyd Wright:Frank Lloyd Wright:Guggenheim Museum, NYC - 1959Guggenheim Museum, NYC - 1959

Cable Cars

Elevated Trains

OrvilleWilbur

Orville and Wilbur Wright

• Invented the airplane

• The Wright family owned a bicycle store. Where Wilbur and Orville got most of there supplies. If they couldn’t find it there they just built it themselves.

• The Wright brothers started building there glider in 1902.• The glider which cost only about 15 bucks that time had a 32

foot wing span.

Flyer 3• The Wright Brothers finished there glider. In 1903, and flew it in Kitty Hawk NC. The

glider only flew for a few seconds. And there was only few people to witness the spectacular event.

• They picked that event because it had rolling hills and good winds.• Before they went there though they tested it on there wind tunnel which they made

themselves.• It took many tries to get the “right” stuff going to fly the glider and finally now they

did it.

George Eastman

• develop paper base film

• invented Kodak camera

W. E. B. Du Bois

• First African American to receive doctorate from Harvard

• Civil rights activist• Believe that black should

fight for the right to vote and equal opportunity

• 56% were literate 1900; blacks owned 30,000 businesses in 1915

William Edward Burghardt Du Bois

Booker T. Washington

– Born a slave– Philosophy “ knowledge must be

harnessed to the things of real life”

– Founded Tuskegee Institute in Alabama

• Started a vocational training for blacks– Suggest blacks focus on

achieving economic success– Even w/o votes noted that “

little green ballot” money, could be deposited at the bank where no one will throw it out or refuse to count it

SOUTH

Voting Restriction

• Literacy test– more difficult

questions for blacks than for whites

• poll tax– annual tax that had

to be paid to gain access to the booth

• grandfather clauses

– father or grandfather must have been eligible to vote before Jan 1, 1867

• Jim Crow Laws– laws that segregated blacks (separating people

on the basis of race)

• If any black person broke the rules, they were probably lynched, or hanged, which was the most common style of punishment for blacks. Those who did the lynching rarely were arrested for it.

– Plessy v. Ferguson 1896• Homer A. Plessy was denied a seat in a

railroad car because he was 1/8 black• Segregation legal – “separate but equal”

• Bicycles– Manufactured by Albert A. Pope

• Began as male only sport• Women started joining abandoning corset and donning

split skirt

• Bicycles– Manufactured by Albert A. Pope

• Began as male only sport• Women started joining abandoning corset and donning

split skirt

• Bicycles– Manufactured by Albert A. Pope

• Began as male only sport• Women started joining abandoning corset and donning

split skirt

• Bicycles– Manufactured by Albert A. Pope

• Began as male only sport• Women started joining abandoning corset and donning

split skirt

• Coca-cola 1886– John Pemberton

• Formulated cola for headache• Ingredients: extracts form Peruvian coca leaves and African

cola nuts

• Coca-cola 1886– John Pemberton

• Formulated cola for headache• Ingredients: extracts form Peruvian coca leaves and African

cola nuts

• Coca-cola 1886– John Pemberton

• Formulated cola for headache• Ingredients: extracts form Peruvian coca leaves and African

cola nuts

• Coca-cola 1886– John Pemberton

• Formulated cola for headache• Ingredients: extracts form Peruvian coca leaves and African

cola nuts

• Coca-cola 1886– John Pemberton

• Formulated cola for headache• Ingredients: extracts form Peruvian coca leaves and African

cola nuts

• Coca-cola 1886– John Pemberton

• Formulated cola for headache• Ingredients: extracts form Peruvian coca leaves and African

cola nuts

Ethiopian language

• The Coca Cola company unveiled new Television ads featuring Coca Cola cans written in different languages including Ethiopia's official language, Amharic. Ethiopia is the only country in Africa with its own written language, many countries either use the Latin or Arabic characters to write their languages. The coke cans written in Ethiopic alphabets are now on sale at all fine stores in America

P.T. Barnum and Bailey (Ringling Brothers)• First famous circus that travel town to town

P.T. Barnum and Bailey (Ringling

Brothers)

• First famous circus that travel town to town

Macy’s – first Department Store

Macy’s – first Department Store

Macy’s – first Department Store

Five and dime stores• First five and dime- Woolworth• They sold many different items, most of which were worth

five or ten cents. Popular five and dimes included:

Woolworth

First Catalog- Montgomery Ward and Sears

First Catalog- Montgomery Ward and Sears

First Catalog- Montgomery Ward and Sears

First Catalog- Montgomery Ward and Sears

• nuts

• Vaudeville– Barnum and bailey Circus 1881

• P.T. Barnum and Anthony bailey

• First film– The great Train robbery

• Brand names– Marshall Field

• began the concept of department stores– FW Woolworth

• Began the five and dime stores• Began chain stores

• Mail order catalog– Started by Montgomery Ward and Sears

Name brands

• Milton Hershey was born in 1857. He started work as a printer's apprentice, but went on to work for a candy maker in Lancaster, PA. He opened his first candy shop in Philadelphia in 1876. After several failed business attempts, he returned to Lancaster and established the Lancaster Caramel Co. His interest in coating caramels with chocolate resulted in the birth of the Hershey Chocolate Co. in 1894. Today, Hershey's is America's leading chocolate manufacturer, and produces more than 1 billion pounds of chocolate products each year

• George Eastman overcame financial adversity and used his entrepreneurship to develop products that changed the course of photographic history. His first job as an office boy paid $3 a week. At age 24, with the purchase of a photographic outfit, his fascination with film and cameras began. He founded a photographic dry plate business and by 1888 had developed the first simple consumer camera. Today, Kodak is a household word

• The Colgate story began in late-18th century Maryland. In 1798, 15-year-old William Colgate, in an effort to help his family recover from financial troubles, moved to Baltimore and took a job as a soap maker. He mastered the trade and at age 18 set out for New York to make his fortune. In 1806, he set up a starch, soap and candle business. His original William Colgate Co. evolved into the $9 billion Colgate-Palmolive Co. we know today

• At 14, Will Keith Kellogg sold brooms for his father's broom business. Later, he worked with his brother, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, at the Battle Creek Sanitarium. In 1894, John and Will developed a successful cereal flake that they first served to patients at the sanitarium. In 1906, John launched his own food company to sell his Toasted Corn Flakes cereal. If all of the Kellogg's cereal boxes consumed since 1906 were placed side-by-side, they would ring the earth more than 3,000 times.

• In 1886, Atlanta physician and chemist Dr. John Stith Pemberton develped a nerve tonic called "Pemberton's French Wine Cola." A prohibition law persuaded Pemberton to revise his original formula, substituting sugar instead of wine. This new Coca-Cola was advertised as an ideal temperance drink. The Coca-Cola Co. was incorporated 1888. In 1886 - about nine drinks were sold each day. Today's daily sales number 450 million.

•

• The coffee that's "good to the very last drop" was the brainchild of Joel Owsley Cheek. Cheek sold coffee for a wholesale coffee house in Nashville. As the popularity of coffee increased in the late 1800's, Joel began his quest to develop a perfect coffee. In 1892, he convinced the manager of the Maxwell House Hotel to serve his new blended coffee recipe to his guests. Patrons loved it and the hotel allowed him to use the Maxwell House name

• Kool-Aid got its start in Hastings, Nebraska. In the early 1900s, Edwin Perkins enjoyed studying chemistry and inventions. His father opened a general store and he became fascinated with food products. He started his own company, Perkins Products, and experimented with methods to remove the liquid from a concentrated drink mix called Fruit Smack. The resulting powder was repackaged under the name "Kool-Ade," and later changed to "Kool-Aid," the name that's so popular today. More than 563 million gallons are consumed in a year.

First film

Vaudeville

• How he changed the English language forever. • That good old swindler P. T. Barnum (1810-91) introduced more terms into our language than

any other modern person.  •                   For example:  • Jumbo - This was the name of  the world's largest elephant. Now we have jumbo shrimp. (Note:

Jumbo was already named when Barnum purchased him from the London Zoo in 1882 for $10,000).  However, the fame that Barnum created for the elephant allowed for the term to become part of our language.) 

• Throwing your hat in the ring was coined when a local politician actually threw his hat into Barnum's circus ring after declaring his candidacy.   Grandstanding referred to prominent people who would sit in the best stands at the circus to be noticed. 

• Let's get the show on the road was P. T.'s declaration when it was time to load the animals on the train. 

• The Greatest Show on Earth - what else would you call a large circus?  • Siamese Twins - he made his living showing off freaks (clearly not a politically correct term

today). He had two called Chang and Eng from (where else?) Siam.  • Rain or Shine - by using the famous big top, the show always went on, no matter how bad the

weather was.  • By the way, the only phrase that he is currently famous for is A sucker is born every minute.

Strangely enough, he never said this.  It was actually stated by his competitor - a banker named David Hannum, owner of the Cardiff Giant (which later turned out to be a hoax). 

• As a side note, Humphrey Bogart never said Play it again, Sam. Woody Allen said it in the movie of the same name. 

• The original circus was called simply the P. T. Barnum Circus. He then merged with his competitor and formed the Barnum & Bailey Circus. When Barnum died, Bailey ran the circus. When Bailey died, the Ringling Brothers bought them out. That's how we get the incredibly long Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus. 

• Barnum was also a somewhat successful politician, serving several terms as a Connecticut State legislator. He is credited as casting the deciding factor in the senate vote for the abolition of slavery after the Civil War. 

Increase in Leisure Time

•Samuel Clemens•Gilded Age

Washington Irving

• Legend of Sleepy Hollow

• Rip Van Winkle

James Fenimore Cooper

• Last of the Mohicans

• The Deerslayer

Nathaniel Hawthorne

• The Scarlet Letter• The House of Seven

Gables

Herman Melville

• Moby Dick

Henry W. Longfellow

• The Song of Hiawatha• Courtship of Miles Standish

Edgar Allan Poe

• Invented mystery• Dark poetry with

morals• The Raven

– Wife died in Baltimore

• The Purloined Letter• The Tell Tale Heart• Cask of Amontillado• Pit and the Pendulum

Walt Whitman

• Leaves of Grass– Collection of American poems

Louisa May Alcott

• Little Women

Emily Dickinson

• American poetess• Seclusion in

Massachusetts• 1700 poems, only 7

published during lifetime– Theme: interaction

between self and world

Inventors

• Thomas Edison

“I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work.”

– Thomas Alva Edison

The Beauty Pageant

•Enemy No. 1?•Why?

WhatCould Be

Done?

What Does thisCartoon Implyabout MonetaryPolicy?