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Development and maintenance of enterprise systems is becoming more difficult due to change drivers along multiple interconnected dimensions. It is advisable to model the enterprise first and analyze it for potential concerns. For modeling enterprises, ontologies have been considered apt and have been used in the past for the same, but application of ontologies for EA analysis based on concepts of enterprise and relations between them have been scarce. We present our ongoing work on analyzing enterprise models using EA-based ontological representation of enterprise. Our contributions are twofold: first, we show how an existing EA modeling language can be leveraged to create EA ontology and second, we show how two known EA analyses can be realized using this ontology. Initial results suggest that ontology representation facilitates basic EA analysis prototyping due to right mix of representation and inference functionalities and is extensible for more involved EA analyses.
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1MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Analyzing Enterprise Models Using EnterpriseArchitecture-based Ontology
Sagar Sunkle, Vinay Kulkarni, and Suman Roychoudhury
2MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Motivation
Multiple change drivers in enterprise context
Enterprise
Business Change Drivers1. Cost reduction/revenue
increment2. Mergers/acquisitions/divesti
tures3. New regulations4. Audit findings
Changes due to Business Drivers1. Process changes2. Product offerings3. New functionality needs4. New data needs
Technology Drivers1. Vendor-driven upgrades2. Technology consolidation
mandates3. Mobile/cloud presence
Changes to Technology Drivers1. Process changes2. Product offerings3. New functionality needs4. New data needs
3MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Motivation
Holistic Enterprise Modeling- Model of enterprise that makes sense of business, IT, and infrastructure entities individually and from point of view of entire enterprise
Enterprise Architecture Frameworks for holistic view but …o Document-based enterprise models
o Non-machine processable
This is where ontology-based representation comes into picture
4MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Way to go about it
ArchiMate as the basis of enterprise architecture ontology- good starting point for intended use-cases
Generic metamodel of ArchiMate is based on subject-verb-object nature of natural language sentences
ArchiMate core conceptso structure and behavior
o services and interfaces
o specialized across business, IT(application), and infrastructureconcepts in the ontology
o Business-IT and IT-Infrastructure alignment via services
5MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Using ArchiMate Metamodels
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6MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Using ArchiMate Metamodels
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7MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Using ArchiMate Metamodels in EA Ontology
8MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Using ArchiMate Metamodels in EA Ontology
9MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Modeling Enterprise Entities – ArchiSurance Case Study
10MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Ontology Tools
Protégé Ontology Editor for Ontology Modeling
Apache Jena for Ontology API
Pellet Reasoner + SPARQL RDF Query Language for Rules
11MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Change Impact Analysis Of EA
Change to any entity in any of business, application, infrastructure dimensions leads to changes to entities related to it
Based on Change impact analysis of enterprise architectures Frank S. de Boer and Marcello M. Bonsangue and Luuk Groenewegen and Andries Stam and S. Stevens and Leendert W. N. van der Torre
12MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Change Impact Analysis Of EA
Meaning attributed to various structural and behavioral relations in ArchiMate; each relation connects two concepts- what happens to one of the concepts when the other is deleted or modified
When B is modified/deleted, the concepts it is related to will also be affected- this goes on till no more concepts can get affected
13MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Change Impact Analysis Of EA
Easily translated into SPARQL
14MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
An example from ArchiSurance Case Study
15MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Concept is deletedMay have to delete
May be danglingNo effect
An example from ArchiSurance Case Study
16MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Issues with Change Impact Analysis Ontology-based Enterprise Models
Meaning attributed to ArchiMate relations and implemented atop ArchiMate-based ontology; not immediately usable when other EA frameworks are used
This change impact analysis is just change propagation without considering deeper effects; for decision making, only provides a rough overview of which entities may get affected and therefore should be addressed
Change impact analysis may be carried out with intentional modeling where changes are possible alternatives and have cumulative effect on goals
Ontology representation enables prototyping of such variations on change impact computation
17MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Computing Landscape Maps
Landscape map computation involves rule execution, for example, ‘Set of application components C, given business processes P and business services S such that (1) C is usedBy P and (2) P realises S’
Closer inspection of cross layer metamodels reveals that “Business service” is not related to “application component” directly
May be indirectly related via chain of relations between intermediate concepts
A composition operator for ArchiMate relations may be used to establish single indirect relation to compute mutual dependence
Based on o Landscape Maps for Enterprise Architectures - Leendert W. N. van der Torre and
Marc M. Lankhorst and Hugo W. L. ter Doest and Jan T. P. Campschroer and Farhad Arbab
o Composition of Relations in Enterprise Architecture Models - René van Buurenand Henk Jonkers and Maria-Eugenia Iacob and Patrick Strating
18MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Computing Landscape Maps using SPARQL Property Paths
19MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
An Example
FinancialApplication usedBy HomeNAwayPolicyAdministration realisesPolicyCreationService usedBy CheckAndSignContract == FinalcialApplicationusedBy CheckAndSignContract
20MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Summary
Compared to previous approaches for enterprise ontology, this approach is holistic with machine-processable and analyzable enterprise models
Similar method is applicable when EA ontology is based not on ArchiMate but any other EA framework
Further extensions with intentional goal modeling already underway with real word merger of two wealth management banks
21MODELS’13 Tata Research Design and Development Center
Thanks!! Any questions?? Please get in touch with me
sagar.sunkle@tcs.com
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