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Biomes, ecosystems and habitats
1. A large geographic region made up of a
particular set of plants and animal
types is a …
BIOME
2. the average weather in a region over a
period of time is its …
CLIMATE
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Expe
riments/Biome/graphs.php
3. Living and non-living things that function together
Lake
Ecosystem
4. It is made up of all the biotic
(living) and abiotic (non-living) things
in an area
Ecosystem
5. It has unique plants and animals that have adapted to their environment
Biome
6. The climate, geography and soil type impact the type of flora and fauna in
a ...
Biome
7. ORGANISED GROUPS
(OF LIVING AND NON-
LIVING THINGS) OF
RELATED PARTS THAT
FUNCTION TOGETHER
Ecosystem
Tropical rainforests
Why are they called TROPICAL rainforests?
They are located within the
Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic
of Capricorn
Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
Equator
How many seasons are there?
WET & DRY SEASONS
Some regions have only one: the WET
season
Some regions have two: the WET and
the DRY season
What is the average temperature?
The temperature
during the day is
around 30ºC - 35ºC. At
night it drops to
between 20ºC - 25ºC.
There is a little
difference between the
warmest and the
coolest months.
Average temperature
What is the average rainfall?
The total rainfall for
the year is between
1500 and 2500 mm.
What is the total earth land surface which rainforests cover?
Rain forests cover less than 6% of
the earth's total land surface
What is the soil like?
The rainforest soil
Shallow and acidic
Iron oxides stain the top
layers red
Infertile
One of the poorest in
the world
Rainfall washes away
nutrients
Plant and animal remains
provide nutrients to
vegetation
Rainforests are home for up to
½ (50%) or
¾ (75%)
of all known species of plants?
¾ (75%)
Why are there so many species?
Rainforests are very old, some almost 100 million years old. About 10,000 years ago the ice caps at the poles spread out in an Ice Age, but the ice didn't reach the Equator so tropical rainforests survived and their plant and animal species continued to evolve when other places on earth had to start growing plants all over again.
http://www.kidcyber.com.au/topics/biomerainfor3.htm
How many of the world’s animal species are found in rainforests?
Almost half of the world’s animal species
are found in rainforests. 30 million species
of plants and animals live there
http://www.ladatco.com/rf-qf.htm#Some Quick
Facts
HOW MANY BIRDS?
1/3 OF ALL THE BIRDS IN THE WORLD LIVE IN RAINFORESTS
How many levels do rain forests have?
Three to four different levels:
THE EMERGENT LAYER
Describe
The emergent layer…
Tallest trees
Up to 60 metres
Trunks measure up to 5 metres
Supported by buttress roots
Broad leaves with thick waxy layers to hold water
Eagles, monkeys, butterflies, insect-eating bats and snakes
THE CANOPY LAYER
Describe
The canopy layer
Beneath the emergents
Up to 45 metres
Smooth, oval leaves that come to a point (shed rain quickly). They have reflective propertly
Filters out 80% of light
Stops rain
Monkeys, sloths, bats, treefrogs, ants, beetles, parrots, hummingbirds and snakes
Thick, woody vines (lianas)
Epiphytes grow on the trees: orchids, ferns, mosses, lichens and others.
THE UNDERSTOREY LAYER
Describe
The understorey layer
Gets limited sunlight
Trees: Solar-collecting dark green leaves: dwarf palms, acanthus, prayer plant, etc.
Plants rely on insects for pollination
plants have had to adapt to poor soil with few nutrients: anthurium, caladium, colocasia, philodendron and garden callas
Many animals live here: snakes, frogs, parakeets, leopards, jaguars and the largest concentration of insects.
THE FOREST FLOOR
Describe
The forest floor
Almost no plants grow of 0% light and 100% humidity
Mosses, herbs and fungi grow here.
covered with a litter of rapidly decomposing vegetation and organisms that break down into usable nutrients
Large mammals, such as tapirs, forage for roots and tubers.
Insects: termites, cockroaches, beetles, centipedes, millipedes, scorpions and earthworms, along with the fungi, use the organic litter as a source of food.
Why are rainforests important
to us?
IMPORTANT TO PLANTS, ANIMALS AND MANKIND…
One-fifth of the world's fresh water is in the Amazon Basin.
Important to plants,
animals and
mankind…
Plants contain substances that can be made into MEDICINES
IMPORTANT TO PLANTS, ANIMALS AND MANKIND…
Rainforests store huge quantities of carbon, producing much of the world’s OXYGEN
Rainforests
REGULATE
GLOBAL
WEATHER
Maintain regular rainfall
Prevent FLOODS, DROUGHTS, EROSION
30% of all bird species and 90% of all
invertebrates are found in the tropical
forest.
· A single pond in Brazil can contain
more kinds of fish than are found in all
of Europe's rivers.
One tree in Peru had forty-three
different species of ants, which is the
estimated to be equal to the number
of ant species in the British Isles.
Human Impact…
WHAT IS DESTROYING THE RAINFOREST?
DEFORESTATION
In the Amazon rainforest In the South east Asia rainforest
Deforestation in the world
Nearly half of the
world's species of
plants, animals and
microoganisms will
be destroyed or
severely threatened
over the next
quarter century due
to Rainforest
deforestation.
Cattle grazing
Amazon rainforest covers 1,2 billion acres - 200,000 of them
are burned every day at a rate of al least one per second.
GLOBAL WARMING
In 2005, the Amazon forest suffered its worst drought in over 100 years raising serious environmental issues.
Let’s stop the destruction of the rainforests!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KSMFIGQ2nI&feature=related
Visit my Pinterest
to take a look at the
Amazon forest
The Amazon Rainforest – Silvia Rettaroli
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