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The Cell Cycle
Cell Size
Surface Area (length x width x 6)
Volume (length x width x height)
Ratio of Surface Area to Volume
Why Divide?
A higher surface area/volume allows the cell to move materials in and out more efficientlySmaller cells have higher SA/Vol. ratios
10-2 Cell Cycle
G1 Phase
S Phase
G2 Phase
M Phase
Interphase – G1- cell grows, normal
functions of life– S Phase – DNA
replicates
– G2- cell grows and prepares for mitosis
M Phase – Mitosis– Cell division
Chromosomes
In Interphase, chromosomes appear as chromatin
When mitosis begins, chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomesSister chromatids are identical halves of a duplicated chromosome• Chromatids are joined at the
centromere
Mitosis - Prophase
Chromosomes condenseNuclear membrane disappearsSpindle fibers form as centrioles move toward poles
Mitosis - Metaphase
Chromosomes line up along the cell’s center Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers at the centromeres
Mitosis - Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate and move toward poles
Mitosis – Telophase and Cytokinesis
Telophase – last step of mitosis– Individual chromosomes gather
at poles– Nuclear membrane reforms
Cytokinesis – follows telophase– Cell pinches in half– Two cells form
• Animal Cells – cleavage furrow• Plant Cells – cell plate
Mitosis in Plant vs. Animal Cells
Plant Cells Animal Cells
SpindleFibers
Stages of mitosis (PMAT)
No centrioles
Cell plate forms
between cells
Cell pinches at cleavage
furrow
Centrioles
Another Look at Mitosis
Onion Cells
Mitosis in a Lily Cell
Mitosis in Whitefish Cells
Mitosis Review
How many chromosomes did this cell start with?– FOUR
During which phase are sister chromatids separated?– ANAPHASE
How many chromosomes are in EACH daughter cell?– FOUR
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