View
461
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Competition and Broadband Outcomes in the ASEAN-5
Lourdes O. MontenegroPhD Candidate
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public PolicyNational University of Singapore
Email: mailmontenegro@gmail.com
9 January 2016
So near, yet so far...
Median client round trip time
Source: M-Lab
So near, yet so far...
Download throughput
Source: M-Lab
So near, yet so far...
Upload throughput
Source: M-Lab
Other key statsCountry International
bandwidth in Mbps
(October 2015)
International bandwidth CAGR
(2005-2014)
Total broadband subscribers (June 2015)
Indonesia 1,117,301 72% 7,405,000
Malaysia 1,746,695 63% 2,906,000
Philippines 747,665 52% 8,671,548
Thailand 957,252 63% 5,950,000
Vietnam 1,024,225 71% 6,698,948
Country Broadband household
penetration rate
GDP per capita (PPP USD)
Population density
Indonesia 10.7% 10,033 140
Malaysia 42.4% 23,803 91
Philippines 37.9% 6,661 332
Thailand 26.8% 13,882 132
Vietnam 26.2% 5,370 292
Source: Telegeography, World Bank
Indonesia
● Top ASNs according to advertised IPv4 routes: PT Telekomunikasi (AS7713), PT Mora Telematika (AS23947), and Indosat (AS4761)
● PT Telekomunikasi peers with PT Mora Telematika
Source: Telegeography, Hurricane Electric
Indonesia● Local loop unbundling: legal obligations exist
but alternative providers have not pushed to Telkom and Indosat to open their networks
● MCIT Decree No. 33/2004: rules to prohibit abuse of dominant position
● License according to whether network operator, service operator or special operators
● WiMAX auctions in 2009, licenses awarded to 8/73 participants
● Presidential Decree 96/2014: allows spectrum sharing
Malaysia
● Top ASNs: Telekom Malaysia (AS4788), Global Transit Communications – Malaysia (AS24218), Extreme (AS38182) and Time dotCom Berhad (AS9930)
● Time peers with TM
Source: Telegeography, Hurricane Electric
Malaysia● Local loop unbundling: regulated prices for
bitstream access since 2005; Telekom Malaysia's new high-speed broadband network is exempted currently
● Licensing: network facilities provider, network services providers, application services providers and content application services providers
Philippines
● Top ASNs: PLDT (AS9299), Eastern Telecom (AS9658), Bayan (AS6648) and Globe (AS4775)
● No observed peering with largest and next largest ASN but Globe and Bayan peers
Source: Telegeography, Hurricane Electric
Philippines● Local loop unbundling: not specific● Many rules are muddy, including WiMAX
allocations● Licensing is protracted and telecom law
viewed as obsolete
Thailand
● Top 3 ASNs by number of IPv4 routes advertised: CAT (AS4651), True Intl. Gateway (AS38082) and TOT (AS38040)
● CAT peers with TrueSource: Telegeography, Hurricane Electric
Thailand● Local loop unbundling: private agreements
between TOT and service-based operator● After 2006, licenses for: international internet
gateway, national internet exchange, VoIP● Different ISP license types according to
whether service (Type 1) or infrastructure-based (Type 3)
● As of 2014: 23 valid Type 3 licenses issued● In short, Thailand is broadband market is
contestable
Vietnam
● Top ASNs: Viettel (AS7552), FPT (AS18403), VNPT (AS7643) and Mobifone (AS45896)
● Viettel peers with Mobifone
Source: Telegeography, Hurricane Electric
Vietnam● Local loop unbundling: None but planned for
2020 masterplan● Circular No. 12/2014/TT-BTTT: regulatory
standards for fixed land broadband
IP interconnection overview
Country IPv4 Peers for largest AS
IXP traffic Number of ASNs
Indonesia 276 128G 1,010
Malaysia 182 838M 225
Philippines 124 12.9G 383
Thailand 145 3.98G 476
Vietnam 75 24.7G 269
Source: Hurricane Electric, Packet Clearinghouse
Conclusion
● Contestability is key: regulations must facilitate ease of entry
● Need to lower the transaction costs of licensing by simplifying the licensing processes for a variety of internet related services (e.g. removing the requirement for a legislative franchise)
Promote “ICT Manifesto for Shared Prosperity”
Recommended