Graphene and 2D Electronics [for a general "curious" audience]

Graphene and 2D electronicsGiuseppe Iannaccone - Università di

Pisa

Semiconductor electronics1947 - transistor

Semiconductor electronics1947 - transistor

1961- first chip

Semiconductor electronics1947 - transistor

1961- first chip

2012 Intel Core i73B transistors – 22 nm

Nanotransitors are smaller than

a virus

Why do we need all these transistors?

Why do we need all these transistors?

Atari PONG (1976)

3000 transistors

Why do we need all these transistors?

Atari PONG (1976)

3000 transistors

FIFA 14(2013)

500+ milions transisors

Not your dad’s transistor(neither your elder brother’s one)

Not your dad’s transistor(neither your elder brother’s one)

2001130 nmSilicon

SiO2 – poly gatePlanar [2D]

Not your dad’s transistor(neither your elder brother’s one)

2001130 nmSilicon

SiO2 – poly gatePlanar [2D]

201122 nm

Strained silicon/GeHigh K/Metal gate

3D

Not your dad’s transistor(neither your elder brother’s one)

2001130 nmSilicon

SiO2 – poly gatePlanar [2D]

201122 nm

Strained silicon/GeHigh K/Metal gate

3D

Graphene(Manchester UK 2004)

Graphene is just one atomic layer of graphite

Can it be a “new” material ?

In 2004 A. Geim and K. Novoselov isolated and

characterised graphene at Manchester Univ.

2010 Nobel Prize for "for groundbreaking experiments

regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”

A material with exceptional properties

•Stable in single monolayer form

•A truly 2D material (as thin as physically possible)

A material with exceptional properties

•Stable in single monolayer form

•A truly 2D material (as thin as physically possible)

•Excellent electrical conductor (up to 1000x Si)

•Excellent thermal conductor

A material with exceptional properties

•Stable in single monolayer form

•A truly 2D material (as thin as physically possible)

•Excellent electrical conductor (up to 1000x Si)

•Excellent thermal conductor

•Transparent and flexible

•Exceptionally Strong (300x Steel)

Graphene in Electronics?Problem:

Graphene has a zero energy gap

Transistors cannot be switched off

Rules of the gameIncrease gap and fabricate transistors, butkeep high mobility and reproducibility

20

Other 2D Materials

Boron NidrideMolybdenum disulfide

Et cetera …

Our specialty: Early assessment of device

potentialNanoTCAD VIDES

3D atomistic device simulator

Released as open source as a python module at http://vides.nanotcad.com

400+ downloads, 60+ papers

A long story started from FP5 NanoTCAD Project (1999)– now G. Fiori (UniPi) lead developer]

“This won’t work. This neither.

Try instead this”

Lateral heterostructure FETG. Fiori, G. IannacconeInternational PCT – ACS NANO 2012 2

4

Lateral G-BN Heterostructures

25

M.P. Levendorf Nature 2012(Cornell)

Europe’s bet on graphene

Thanks

Funding:

FP7 GRADE

FP7 GONEXTS

ESF DEWINT

FP7 GRAND

FP7 NANOSIL

MIUR GRANFET

…

Coworkers:Gianluca FioriMassimo MacucciBruno PellegriniPaolo MarconciniDemetrio LogotetaQin ZhangRavinder PawarAlessandro BettiSamantha BruzzoneMartina CheliPaolo Michetti