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Page 1 This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement.Its contents shall not be disclosed. © - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2005
Ariane 5 – A European Launcher for Space Exploration
Towards a European Infrastructure for Lunar Observatories - Workshop
David Iranzo-GreusHead of Advanced Studies Launchers, Propulsion and DefenceEADS SPACE TransporationBremen, March 23rd, 2005
Page 2 This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement.Its contents shall not be disclosed. © - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004
Ariane 5
Page 3 This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement.Its contents shall not be disclosed. © - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004
Ariane 5
Page 4 This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement.Its contents shall not be disclosed. © - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004
Ariane 5 Flight
Page 5 This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement.Its contents shall not be disclosed. © - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004
Ariane 5 is already a launcher for exploration
SMART-1 – Ariane 516Sept. 27th, 2003
Rosetta – Ariane 518March 2nd, 2004
Page 6 This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement.Its contents shall not be disclosed. © - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004
Page 7 This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement.Its contents shall not be disclosed. © - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004
Ariane 5 options
Reference Ariane 5•Robotic exploration missions•Possible participation to assembly of infrastructure in conjunction with other heavy-lift launchers (international mission )
Minor adjustments of Ariane 5•Limited gain in performance
Heavy Lift Ariane•Ariane 5 technology Heavy Lift Launcher
Page 8 This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement.Its contents shall not be disclosed. © - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004
Ariane 5 and LEO launch (1)
L10 EPS
H173 EPCVulcain 2
P240 EAP
Performance of Ariane 5 with EPS
Performance : payload + adapterAriane 5 ES :Performance : 20.9 t (200 km x 200 km / 51.6° )
20.7 t (300 km x 200 km / 51.6° ) EPC falldown constraint taken into account (margin with respect to European coast)Ariane 5 ESv (versatile) :Performance : 21.3 t (200 km x 200 km)
21.1 t (300 km x 200 km) “natural” EPC falldown in the Atlantic Ocean ballistic phase (< 2 h) before EPS re-ignition
Page 9 This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement.Its contents shall not be disclosed. © - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004
Ariane 5 and LEO launch (2)
Performance of Ariane 5 with ESC-A
Ariane 5 ECA :Performance : 20.7 t (200 km x 200 km / 51.6° )
20.6 t (300 km x 200 km / 51.6° ) “natural” EPC falldown in the Atlantic Ocean no performance gain with respect to Ariane 5 ES and Ariane 5 ESv due to
- non optimal staging for LEO- ESC-A non reignitable
H14.4 ESC-A+ HM7B
P240 EAP)
H173 EPCVulcain 2
Page 10 This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement.Its contents shall not be disclosed. © - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004
Ariane 5 and LEO launch (3)
Performance of Ariane 5 with ESC-B
Ariane 5 ECB :Performance : 23 t (300 km x 300 km / 51.6° )
de-loading of ECB (17.5 t of propellant) EPC falldown constraint taken into account ballistic phase (3000 s) before ESC-B re-ignition
P240 EAP
H173 EPCVulcain 2
H28 ESC-B+ Vinci
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Lunar Mission Example (1)
LEO parking orbit
LTO(Lunar Transfer Orbit)
circularisation boost
de-orbitation boost
capture boost
mid-course correction
• Mission profile :
• V needs:Phase V Notes
LTO injection 3131 m/s Duration ~140 hours
Mid-course correction 30 m/s
LOI 780 m/s Altitude = 100 km
Descent 1760 m/s
Moon landing 60 m/s Preliminary estimate
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Lunar Mission Example (2)
• Hypotheses :
- Storable propellant stage for LTO injection (13% structural coefficient used: idem EPS)- Storable propellant stage for mid-course correction, circularisation, descent and lunar landing (18% structural coefficient used)- Isp : 324 s (idem EPS)
• Performance (simplified V approach) :
A5ES A5ESv A5ECA A5ECB
Mass in LEO 20.5 t 20.9 t 20.3 t 22.6 t
Mass in LLO (**) 6 t 6.1 t 5.9 t 6.6 t
Mass on the Moon 2.6 t 2.7 t 2.6 t 2.9 t
P/L on the Moon (*) 2 t 2 t 1.9 t 2.2 t
(*) = mass on the Moon – dry mass of propulsive stage (**) Low Lunar Orbit
Page 13 This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement.Its contents shall not be disclosed. © - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004
Ariane 5 and direct LTO injection
• Hypotheses :
- LTO performance assumed equal to the performance into a parabolic scape trajectory (C3=0 / sizing hypothesis) - Storable propellant stage for mid-course correction, circularisation, descent and lunar landing (18% structural coefficient used) - Isp : 324 s (idem EPS)
• Performance (simplified V approach) :
A5ECA A5ECB
Mass in LTO 6.8 t 10.8 t
Mass on the Moon 3 t 4.7 t
P/L on the Moon 2.2 t 3.5 t
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Synthesis about Ariane 5 and Exploration
Ariane 5: between 20 t and 23 t into LEO Ariane 5 in the same performance range as:
– Atlas 552 – 19 tons
– Delta IV Heavy – 23 tons Ariane 5 ECB provides a substantial gain for direct
LTO injection
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Adaptation of the Ariane 5 concept (1)
• Objective :
Maximize Ariane 5 performance without major architecture modifications
• Approach : increase of Vinci thrust level (ESCB) : 200 kN instead of 180 kN.
Composite casing for the EAP : 248 t of propellant for 27 t of dry mass (versus 240 t / 38,6 t for the current configuration)
Vulcain Mark III : evolutions with respect to Vulcain II
+ 13.3 s on the Isp (446.8 s) + 350 kN on thrust (1700 kN vac.)
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Adaptation of Ariane 5 concept (2)
LEO performance: 27 tons Identified critical points
– high dynamic pressure level (> 48 000 Pa ) (+30% with respect to the Ariane 5 ECB reference version)
– considering a dynamic pressure constraint on the trajectory optimization process would cancel the performance gain
– important effect on the launcher aerodynamic loads
– launcher ascent controlability to be verified
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Ariane 5 Heavy Lift Derivatives
H70
H620
4 P230
Lift-off mass :1874 t
5 Vulcain II
Payload :35 t (LTO injection )
1 Vulcain IIHeight74 m
VEB
• Context :
•study initiated by CNES in 1991
•reference mission : human flight to the Moon (Apollo-like)
•launcher performance > 32 t in LTO
• “Ariane Super Lourd” / ASL :- 4 EAP (P230)- cryogenic lower stage :
H620 / 8.2 m diameter5 Vulcain II
- cryogenic upper stage :H70 / 5.4 m diameterVulcain at 700 kN (re-ignitable?)
90 tons in LEO 100 km x 200 km/23°35 tons in LTO/23°
Page 18 This document is the property of EADS SPACE Transportation and shall not be communicated to third parties and/or reproduced without prior written agreement.Its contents shall not be disclosed. © - EADS SPACE Transportation - 2004
Synthesis
• Ariane 5 performance is interesting mainly for robotic exploration missions (21 to 23 tons in LEO)
• Maximum performance increase to 27 tons in LEO while keeping the general Ariane 5 architecture
• Ariane 5 heavy-lift derivatives could be considered but high development costs to be expected even with proven technologies
• Ariane 5 elements could be used through an international cooperation aiming at developing an upper stage based on EPC and Vulcain technologies
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