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Problem Statement
• Many parts of Malaysia is still not connected to the grid and thus deprive the rural folks from a good standard of living
• The rural folks depends on diesel generator sets for their limited electrical use
• (Diesel consumption for 50kW engine per hour is about 15liters per hour. For one day of 8 hours, diesel consumption is about 120 liters per day @ RM240 per day)
• Other types of renewable energy options are available such as solar photovoltaic panels.
Solution
• The rural areas have abundant supply of biomass resources
• The rural folks are farmers and produce agricultural residues.
• Biomass is a viable source of energy for power generation and rural electrification
• Technology is available to convert the biomass into electrical power- BIOMASS GASIFICATION
Biomass gasification
• Thermochemical conversion of biomass into combustible gas (producer gas or wood gas) through an endothermic reaction in the presence of limited supply of gasifying agent (air, O2, Steam, CO2,H2)
• Biomass gasification occurs in reactors called gasifiers
Gasifier
Producer
gas exit
Air
supply
Grate
Biomass
feed
Ash
Reduction
zone
Combustion
Pyrolysis
Drying zone
600-800oC
1g/m3 tar
Gasifier efficiency
70%
Gas cooling and Cleaning sytem
Diesel generator efficiency 25%
20 kWe
69kW (17 kg/h)
48kWt
32kWt diesel
Biomass consumption 1 kg/kWh Overall efficiency 20% Diesel saving 60%
20KWe BIOMASS GASIFICATION SYTEM WITH DIESEL ENGINE GEN SET
Gasifier 70%
Gas cooling and cleaning system
100%
Petrol engine Gen set 25%
20 kWe
115kW (28 kg/h)
80kWt
Biomass consumption 1.4 kg/kWh Overall efficiency 17.4% Petrol saving 100%
20KWe BIOMASS GASIFICATION WITH PETROL ENGINE GEN SET
Proposal A
• For village that is already using a diesel generator set.
• Using the existing diesel generator set and incorporate a biomass gasifier system comprising of a gasifier and a gas and cooling system.
• Diesel saving 60% ( diesel consumption 0.15L/kWh)
• Investment on gasifier system with gas cooling and cleaning is about RM1500/kW
• The power plant can still operate with diesel in case there is shortage of biomass supply.
Proposal B
• For village that is not using any electrical generating device
• Based on a the village population a Biomass gasifier system with diesel engine generator is proposed.
• Investment will be RM3000/kW
• Diesel consumption 0.15 L/kWh
• The power plant can still operate with diesel in case there is shortage of biomass supply.
Proposal C
• For village that is not using any electrical generating device
• Based on a the village population a Biomass gasifier system with petrol engine generator is proposed
• Investment RM3000/kW
• Diesel consumption for start up only.
• The power plant will be operate if there is shortage of biomass supply
FINANCIAL COST FOR PROPOSAL C
• A typical rural village has about 50 houses
• Each house uses about 1000 W per day.
• Total power requirement is 50kW for a typical village
• Nominal cost RM 3000/kW
• Total cost for development of a Biomass energy system is RM150,000.00 (including a small shed for the system)
FINANCIAL COST (breakdown)
• Petrol gen set RM50,000 (with modification)
• Gasifier RM50,000 (manual loading of biomass)
• Gas cleaning and cooling system RM 20,000 (cyclone separator, condenser and filter)
• Electrical connection to houses RM20,000 (cables)
• Transportation RM10,000 (depends on location)
• 5kWe diesel gen set RM 5,000
PAY BACK PERIOD
• For 50kW power generation the operating cost is RM240/day.
• Proposal A cost is RM75,000. Saving in diesel fuel is RM120/day. The pay back period is 1.8years. Diesel fuel cost RM120/day
• Proposal B cost is RM150,000. Saving in diesel fuel is RM120/day. The pay back period is 3.5 years. Diesel fuel cost RM120/day
• Proposal C cost is RM150,000. Saving in diesel fuel is RM240/day. The pay back period is 1.8 years. No fuel cost .
Requirement
• Use a 5kW diesel gen set for start up process.
• Use a 50kW petrol engine with 100% producer gas (no petrol consumption)
• Unskilled operators (villagers) for biomass pretreatment
• One skilled operator for operating the system.
• One skilled operator for maintenance of the system
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