Lecture 6

Earth and SpaceEarth and Space

Earth’s Vital StatisticsEarth’s Vital Statistics

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Locating Places on the EarthLocating Places on the Earth

Reference lines (imaginary lines)

Equator – line that equally

divides the earth into upper

and lower hemispheres

Latitude –horizontal line drawn

with respect to the equator Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Locating Places on the EarthLocating Places on the Earth

Reference lines (imaginary lines)

Prime Meridian – line that equally

divides the earth into left and right

hemispheres

Longitude –vertical line drawn

with respect to the prime meridianAdams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

How to tell direction?How to tell direction?

•

Example: Manila: 14o N; 120oE

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Key Latitudes and LongitudeKey Latitudes and Longitude

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Earth’s RotationEarth’s Rotation

Counterclockwise (East to West) Results to day and night

One complete rotation = 24 hours

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Standard Time ZoneStandard Time Zone

Divides the globe into 24 time zones 180o WEST and EAST of the prime meridian (0o) Each time zone covers 15o longitudes a 1 time zone = 1 hour Important consideration: West or East

ExampleManila: 120o East

Standard Time ZoneStandard Time Zone

http://www.mapsofworld.com/time-zone-map/maps/world-time-zone.jpg

Standard Time ZoneStandard Time Zone

International date line

Passing thorough this line

prompts addition/subtraction

of 24 hours

exactly opposite of the prime

meridian (0o longitude)

@ 180o)

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons

/6/61/International_Date_Line.png

Solar SystemSolar System

is composed of one star (Sun), planets and their natural satellites (moons), and other heavenly objects

they ALL revolve around the sun

Sun is the center of the solar system

Solar System Solar System

http://www.infoplease.com/spot/solar-system.html

SunSun

It is a star

The closest star

from the earth or

other objects in the

solar system

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Energy of the sunEnergy of the sun

• Comes from the fusion of Hydrogen gas to helium

• Occurs in the sun’s core

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

PlanetsPlanets

IAU (Aug. 24, 2006) criteria:

The object must be in orbit around the sun

It must be the only object that “use” its orbit

Spherical in shape due to gravity

Solar System Solar System

http://www.infoplease.com/spot/solar-system.html

Why was Pluto demoted?Why was Pluto demoted?

IAU (Aug. 24, 2006) criteria:

The object must be in orbit around the sun

It must be the only object that use its orbit

Spherical in shape due to gravity

Planetary MotionsPlanetary Motions

Rotation on its axis

Revolution around the sun

RevolutionRevolution

One complete revolution around the sun = 1 year

Follows a track = railway = orbit

Each planet has their own orbit

Earth’s OrbitEarth’s Orbit

Gravity pull of the sun

Keeps the earth from

straying away from its

Orbit.

gravity vs. inertia

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Earth’s OrbitEarth’s Orbit

elliptical in shape

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Moons in the solar systemMoons in the solar system

Planet No. of MoonsMercury 0

Venus 0

Earth 1

Mars 2

Jupiter 62

Saturn 33

Uranus 27

Neptune 13

http://www.spacetoday.org/SolSys/Moons/MoonsSolSys.html

Earth’s MoonEarth’s Moon

Rotates on its axis

No light of its own

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

EclipsesEclipses

When shadow of a heavenly body falls on another

Solar/Lunar eclipse

Partial/Total Eclipse

Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Solar EclipseSolar Eclipse

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Lunar EclipseLunar Eclipse

Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

Other heavenly objectsOther heavenly objects

Asteroids belt – found between Mars and Jupiter

Comets

Meteoroids

Meteor

Meteorite

Beyond solar systemBeyond solar system

Solar system is part of the Milky way galaxy

Galaxy = billions of stars that move around through space as one unit

StarsStars

Huge ball of flaming gas

Has a life cycle

constellations

http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/space/Images/star_constellations3.gif

ReferencesReferences

• Adams and Lambert. Earth Science: An Illustrated Guide To Science, 2006. NY: Chelsea House

• Rabago, Lilia M., et al. Dynamic Science. 2003. QC: vibal Publishing House