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DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY
ETYMOLOGICAL
REAL
ETYMOLOGICAL
DEFINITIONThe term “PHILOSOPHY” came from two Greek words: LOVE
WISDOM KNOWLEDGE
PHILOSSOPHIA
Love of wisdom or knowledge.
Greek Philosopher - PLATO
coined the word
PHILOSOPHIA or PHILOSOPHY
REAL DEFINITION
Traditionally
“the science of all things or beings in their ultimate causes and principles known by human reason alone”
REAL DEFINITION
It is a “science” because it is a body of knowledge derived from reasoned demonstration of causes and reduced to a system.It is the science “of all things or beings” because it studies all things or realities which can be reached by the human mind.It is the science of all things or beings “in their ultimate causes and principles” because it studies and tries to understand the underlying reasons and causes of things.It is the science of all things or being in their ultimate causes and principles “known by human reason alone” because it based its knowledge solely on man’s reasoning power and not on authority or faith.
BENEFITS FROM STUDYING PHILOSOPHY
enables us to systematize all important knowledge in the domain of reason
guides us in distinguishing truth from error and in searching for the truth
provides us with the ability to analyze and the “intellectual eye” to see things not only as they are, but also the underlying causes and meaning of things around us or happen around us.
guides us in our search for the cause and meaning of our life and our existence
BENEFITS FROM STUDYING PHILOSOPHY
gives us insights about our nature as human beings, it helps us understand better ourselves, and help develop or improve ourselves
DIVISION OF HUMAN
SCIENCESSPECULATIVE
SCIENCE
PRACTICAL SCIENCE
PRODUCTIVE SCIENCE
SPECULATIVE SCIENCE
The science that seek knowledge for the sake of knowledge.It is the science that is concerned with things that are theoretical.
>> Logic
>> Epistemology
>> Metaphysics>> Theodicy
>> Cosmology
>> Psychology
The sciences that fall under this category are:
PRACTICAL SCIENCE
The science that seeks knowledge for the sake of proper conduct of human life.
It is the science that is concerned with the practical application of knowledge to man’s life and conduct.
The sciences falling under this category are:
>> Ethics
>> Politics
>> Aesthetics
PRODUCTIVE SCIENCE
The science that seeks knowledge for the sake of producing and providing for the human needs.
It is concerned with technical and mechanical skills, for example: >>
Engineering>> Architecture>> Advertising
>> Agriculture
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHYLOGI
Cthe art & science of correct inferential thinking
COSMOLOGY OR PHILOSOPHY OF NATURE
the science of the nature of the world
RATIONAL PSYCHOLOGYthe science of the nature of man, his powers, acts and habits
EPISTEMOLOGY OR CRITICS OR CRITERIOLOGYthe science of the validity of human
knowledge
ONTOLOGY OR GENERAL METAPHYSICSthe science of beings in their general forms
BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHYETHICS OR MORAL
PHILOSOPHYthe study of the morality of human acts
THEODICY OR SPECIAL METAPHYSICS
the philosophical study of the nature and attributes of God
AESTHETICSthe science of arts and beauty
SOCIAL PHILOSOPHYthe science of the sociality of man and
nature of society
LOGIC
enables us to think in a rational, systematic and orderly way
ETYMOLOGICAL DEFINITION
logike
Greek term
means
thought
A “treatise pertaining to thought”.
LOGICETYMOLOGICAL
DEFINITIONZeno the Stoic
Aristotle
the tool or instrument of the science s
LOGIC
“ORGANON”
first coined the word
Logic is the instrument for gaining knowledge or the tool for
correct thinking.
book - “ANALYTICS”
LOGIC
REAL DEFINITION
commonly defined as the art & science of correct inferential thinkingdeals with the laws, methods and principles of correct thinking
Irving Copi describes Logic as the study of the methods and principles used to distinguish correct reasoning from incorrect reasoning.
>> Thus it provides us with the techniques for testing the correctness (and also the incorrectness) of arguments.
LOGICREAL DEFINITION
as a SCIENCE . . .It is a systematized body of knowledge about the principles and laws of correct inferential thinking.
It follows certain rules and laws in arriving at valid conclusions.
as an ART . . .
The art of reasoning.
It requires mastery of the laws and principles of correct inferential thinking.
LOGICREAL DEFINITION
Through Logic, we acquire the techniques and skill of thinking correctly whereby our mind is able to proceed with order, ease and without error, when we master the techniques and acquire the skill of correct thinking then we are able to expound our thought orderly, clearly and systematically.
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