Magnetic levitation

MAGNETIC LEVITATION

PRESENTED BY: VIVEK KUMAR DUBEY EN-F (3RD YEAR)

Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended above another objectwith no support other than magnetic field .

The electromagnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational force.

Direct Diamagnetic Levitation – How it Works Diamagnetic materials repel

a magnetic field

All materials have diamagnetic properties, but the effect is very weak, and usually overcome by the object‘s paramagnetic or ferromagnetic properties, which act in the opposite manner

By surrounding a diamagnetic material with a magnetic field, it can be held in a stationary position (the magnetic force is strong enough to counteract gravity)

Direct Diamagnetic Levitation – Applications

Water is primarily diamagnetic, so water droplets and objects that contain large amounts of water can be levitated

MAGLEV METHODS· Repulsion between like poles of permanent magnets or electromagnets.

· Repulsion between a magnet and a metallic conductor induced by relative motion.

· Repulsion between a metallic conductor and an AC electromagnet.

· Repulsion between a magnetic field and a diamagnetic substance.

· Repulsion between a magnet and a superconductor.

· Attraction between unlike poles of permanent magnets or electromagnets.

· Attraction between the open core of an electromagnetic solenoid and a piece of iron or a magnet.

· Attraction between a permanent magnet or electromagnet and a piece of iron.

Super Levitron

Two opposing neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets.

Invention by Roy Harrigan. The rotation of a spinning object’s

axis of spin creates a torroid of genuine stability.

The top remain levitating in a central point in space above the base where the forces acting on the top- gravitational, magnetic, and gyroscopic- are in equilibrium

Stops due to air resistance

Why it works???

The principle Two similar poles repel, and two

different poles attract, with forces that are stronger when the poles are closer.

There are four magnetic forces on the top.

The north-north repulsion dominates, and the top is magnetically repelled.

It hangs at the point of equilibrium where the total force is zero.”

Magnetic Levitation

The Future

Applications

Maglev Trains- The magnetized coil running along the track, repels the large magnets on the train's undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate

Biomagnetism- in MRI Particle accelerators to

accelerate sub-atomic particles to nearly the speed of light

In petaflop computers. A petaflop is a thousand-trillion floating point operations per second.

NASA

Maglev technology could give space vehicles a “running start” to break from Earth’s gravity

Maglev Space Propulsion

Launching systems would use magnetic fields to levitate and accelerate a vehicle along a track .

Reaching the end of the track, the vehicle could switch to more conventional rocket engines.

THE HISTORY

Magnetic Levitation Vehicles

1750 – John Mitchell conducted the first experiments measuring the magnetic forces between the poles of a magnet .

1900 – Robert Goddard and Emile Bachelet conceive the concept of frictionless trains.

1969 – American scientist James R. Powell and Gordan T. Danby patented the first design for Maglev trains.

1990 – The initial phase of the Yamanashi Maglev Test Line commences.

Magnetic Levitation Wind Turbine Maximum overall

efficiency of windmill is 30%.

The remaining energy is mainly lost in friction.

If the same windmill is operating at 50% of its maximum speed the efficiency becomes very low.

Due to wear and tear performance of the machine deteriorates.

Normal windmill can start its generation from wind speed of 3 m/s. But windmill using magnetic levitation can start generation from wind speed of 1.5m/s.

ADVANTAGES OF MAGLEVtransportationNo surface contact or friction to slow them down. More speed = More passengers.

Faster trips High reliability Petroleum independence with respect to air and auto as a result of being electricallypowered..

Less polluting

Potential for high capacities at 3-4 minutes headways.

High safety.

Convenient– due to high frequency of service, vibration free train rides and quieter.

At speeds below 249.4 kmph the noise produced by Maglev trains is less than that by conventional trains. At speeds above 155 mph, most of the noise produced by vehicle is of aerodynamic origin, whether it is on rail or levitated.

Thank you…..