Making Mobile Sites Faster

Making Mobile Sites Faster

andydavies NCC Group Mar 2014

httpwwwflickrcomphotosb-tal156919562

Imaginehellip later todayhelliphttpwwwflickrcomphotosandrew_bolin3909446250

How long would you wait

httpwwwflickrcomphotosoatsy406198212129

Strangeloop Networks

ldquo85 of mobile users expect sites to load at least as fast or faster than sites on their desktoprdquo

ldquoAt the beginning of 2013 mobile (excluding tablet) accounted for 26 of our traffic and we ended the

year with it contributing 33rdquo

Stuart McMillan Schuh

ldquoHistorically mobile baskets have always been lower value than desktop but just before

Christmas the difference was only about 6rdquo

Stuart McMillan Schuh

ldquoWersquove remade the Internet in our imagehellip obeserdquo Jason Grigsby

httpwwwflickrcomphotosmrtopher1414159786

Mobile Pages are Growing

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RequestsSize (kB)

httpmobilehttparchiveorg

Wersquore relying on ever faster phones and networks

httpwwwflickrcomphotoswillposh3825768273

4G isnrsquot going to bail us out

GSMA Intelligence + operators

Estimated 20 of connections will be LTE by end of 2017

773M mobile connections

2-3M 4G connections

httpwwwflickrcomphotosendlisnis174511509

So many deviceshellip so much variationhellip

httpwwwflickrcomphotosadactio12674230513

Meet the $25 Smartphone

httpwwwflickrcomphotosmozillaeu12748349115

Networks are Improving

2G 25G 3G 4G WiFi

Faster Lower Latency

Special networkshellip

Conference Hotel Coffee shop WiFi

Latency is still the big issue

ldquoIn 2012 the average worldwide RTT to Google is still ~100ms and ~50-60ms within the USrdquo

httpwwwigvitacom20120719latency-the-new-web-performance-bottleneck

ldquowe are looking at 100-1000ms RTT range on mobilerdquo

Ilya Grigorik

httpwwwflickrcomphotosfastjack2943793818

Itrsquos not just about speed

3G Radio Resource Control

httpwebeecsumichedu~fengqianpaper3g_imc10pdf

IDLE CELL_FACH

CELL_DCH Idle for 5s

Idle for 12s

1-2s delay

Exact timings vary and depend on carrier NOT device

1s delay

Fast mobile sites have short waterfalls

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HTML CSSFonts JavascriptImages Other

What are mobile sites made of

httpmobilehttparchiveorg

HTML

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httpmobilehttparchiveorg

Images are the Bulk of Download

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httpmobilehttparchiveorg

Time to bury bitmapped images

httpwwwflickrcomphotostonyjcase7183556158

Use vector graphics instead

SVG 12 KB vs PNG 86KB

Heydings by Heydon Works

Icon fonts

ampx2605

ampx2665 hearts

ampx2601

ldquoBog Standard Fontrdquo

ampx2606

Use CSSborder-radius 20px

background linear-gradient(left f06 ff0)

Some combinations produce poor paint performance

What if only a bitmap image will do

httpwwwflickrcomphotosorkomedix5026054826

Size images for the viewport

httpwwwflickrcomphotosemzee139794246

As images get smaller need to focus on subject

ldquoArt Directionrdquo - Jason Grigsby

httpwwwflickrcomphotosbarackobamadotcom5795228030

Standards for Responsive Images are Coming

httpwwwflickrcomphotoswiertz6922984303

Whatrsquos needed to render the page

Prioritise the Content

Guardian divide page into13

- Content13 - Enhancements13 - Leftovers 13

Fonts Stylesheets JavaScript block renderinghttpwwwflickrcomphotostimo3995227

CSS size is creeping up

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25 More Javascript

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httpmobilehttparchiveorg

Added 160kB to page Increased bounce rate by 12 on mobile

httpsspeakerdeckcomlaradesign-for-performance

Wersquove fallen in love with web fonts

httpwwwflickrcomphotossplorp4951916342

But at what cost

300 Larger in 12 Months

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$ amp ( ) + - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lt = gt A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z | ~ iexcl cent pound curren yen brvbar sect uml copy ordf laquo not reg macr deg plusmn sup2 sup3 acute micro para middot cedil sup1 ordm raquo frac14 frac12 frac34 iquest Agrave Aacute Acirc Atilde Auml Aring AElig Ccedil Egrave Eacute Ecirc Euml Igrave Iacute Icirc Iuml ETH Ntilde Ograve Oacute Ocirc Otilde Ouml times Oslash Ugrave Uacute Ucirc Uuml Yacute THORN szlig agrave aacute acirc atilde auml aring aelig ccedil egrave eacute ecirc euml igrave iacute icirc iuml eth ntilde ograve oacute ocirc otilde ouml divide oslash ugrave uacute ucirc uuml yacute thorn yuml Ā ā Ă ă Ą ą Ć ć Ĉ ĉ Ċ ċ Č č Ď ď Đ đ Ē ē Ĕ ĕ Ė ė Ę ę Ě ě Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ġ ġ Ģ ģ Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ĩ ĩ Ī ī Ĭ ĭ Į į İ ı IJ ij Ĵ ĵ Ķ ķ ĸ Ĺ ĺ Ļ ļ Ľ ľ Ŀ ŀ Ł ł Ń ń Ņ ņ Ň ň ʼn Ŋ ŋ Ō ō Ŏ ŏ Ő ő Œ œ Ŕ ŕ Ŗ ŗ Ř ř Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Ş ş Š š Ţ ţ Ť ť Ŧ ŧ Ũ ũ Ū ū Ŭ ŭ Ů ů Ű ű Ų ų Ŵ ŵ Ŷ ŷ Ÿ Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ſ ƒ Ơ ơ Ư ư ǰ Ǻ ǻ Ǽ ǽ Ǿ ǿ Ș ș Ț ț ȷ ʼ ˆ ˇ ˉ ˘ ˙ ˚ ˛ ˜ ˝ ˳ ΄ ΅ Ά Έ Ή Ί Ό Ύ Ώ ΐ Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω Ϊ Ϋ ά έ ή ί ΰ α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ ς σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ϊ ϋ ό ύ ώ ϑ ϒ ϖ Ѐ Ё Ђ Ѓ Є Ѕ І Ї Ј Љ Њ Ћ Ќ Ѝ Ў Џ А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ѐ ё ђ ѓ є ѕ і ї ј љ њ ћ ќ ѝ ў џ Ѡ ѡ Ѣ ѣ Ѥ ѥ Ѧ ѧ Ѩ ѩ Ѫ ѫ Ѭ ѭ Ѯ ѯ Ѱ ѱ Ѳ ѳ Ѵ ѵ Ѷ ѷ Ѹ ѹ Ѻ ѻ Ѽ ѽ Ѿ ѿ Ҁ ҁ ҈ ҉ Ҋ ҋ Ҍ ҍ Ҏ ҏ Ґ ґ Ғ ғ Ҕ ҕ Җ җ Ҙ ҙ Қ қ Ҝ ҝ Ҟ ҟ Ҡ ҡ Ң ң Ҥ ҥ Ҧ ҧ Ҩ ҩ Ҫ ҫ Ҭ ҭ Ү ү Ұ ұ Ҳ ҳ Ҵ ҵ Ҷ ҷ Ҹ ҹ Һ һ Ҽ ҽ Ҿ ҿ Ӏ Ӂ ӂ Ӄ ӄ Ӆ ӆ Ӈ ӈ Ӊ ӊ Ӌ ӌ Ӎ ӎ ӏ Ӑ ӑ Ӓ ӓ Ӕ ӕ Ӗ ӗ Ә ә Ӛ ӛ Ӝ ӝ Ӟ ӟ Ӡ ӡ Ӣ ӣ Ӥ ӥ Ӧ ӧ Ө ө Ӫ ӫ Ӭ ӭ Ӯ ӯ Ӱ ӱ Ӳ ӳ Ӵ ӵ Ӷ ӷ Ӹ ӹ Ӻ ӻ Ӽ ӽ Ӿ ӿ Ԁ ԁ Ԃ ԃ Ԅ ԅ Ԇ ԇ Ԉ ԉ Ԋ ԋ Ԍ ԍ Ԏ ԏ Ԑ ԑ Ԓ ԓ Ḁ ḁ Ḿ ḿ Ẁ ẁ Ẃ ẃ Ẅ ẅ Ạ ạ Ả ả Ấ ấ Ầ ầ Ẩ ẩ Ẫ ẫ Ậ ậ Ắ ắ Ằ ằ Ẳ ẳ Ẵ ẵ Ặ ặ Ẹ ẹ Ẻ ẻ Ẽ ẽ Ế ế Ề ề Ể ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ỉ ỉ Ị ị Ọ ọ Ỏ ỏ Ố ố Ồ ồ Ổ ổ Ỗ ỗ Ộ ộ Ớ ớ Ờ ờ Ở ở Ỡ ỡ Ợ ợ Ụ ụ Ủ ủ Ứ ứ Ừ ừ Ử ử Ữ ữ Ự ự Ỳ ỳ Ỵ ỵ Ỷ ỷ Ỹ ỹ Ὅ ndash mdash ― lsquo rsquo sbquo ‛ ldquo rdquo bdquo dagger Dagger bull hellip permil prime Prime lsaquo rsaquo frasl ⁰ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ⁿ ₣ ₤ ₧ ₫ euro ℓ trade Ω ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ part ∆ prod sum minus radic infin int asymp ne le ge loz ff fi fl ffi ffl

Do we need all those glyphs Open Sans mdash 221 kB

$ amp ( ) + - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lt = gt A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z | ~ iexcl cent pound curren yen brvbar sect uml copy ordf laquo not reg macr deg plusmn sup2 sup3 acute micro para middot cedil sup1 ordm raquo frac14 frac12 frac34 iquest Agrave Aacute Acirc Atilde Auml Aring AElig Ccedil Egrave Eacute Ecirc Euml Igrave Iacute Icirc Iuml ETH Ntilde Ograve Oacute Ocirc Otilde Ouml times Oslash Ugrave Uacute Ucirc Uuml Yacute THORN szlig agrave aacute acirc atilde auml aring aelig ccedil egrave eacute ecirc euml igrave iacute icirc iuml eth ntilde ograve oacute ocirc otilde ouml divide oslash ugrave uacute ucirc uuml yacute thorn yuml Ā ā Ă ă Ą ą Ć ć Ĉ ĉ Ċ ċ Č č Ď ď Đ đ Ē ē Ĕ ĕ Ė ė Ę ę Ě ě Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ġ ġ Ģ ģ Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ĩ ĩ Ī ī Ĭ ĭ Į į İ ı IJ ij Ĵ ĵ Ķ ķ ĸ Ĺ ĺ Ļ ļ Ľ ľ Ŀ ŀ Ł ł Ń ń Ņ ņ Ň ň ʼn Ŋ ŋ Ō ō Ŏ ŏ Ő ő Œ œ Ŕ ŕ Ŗ ŗ Ř ř Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Ş ş Š š Ţ ţ Ť ť Ŧ ŧ Ũ ũ Ū ū Ŭ ŭ Ů ů Ű ű Ų ų Ŵ ŵ Ŷ ŷ Ÿ Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ſ ƒ Ơ ơ Ư ư ǰ Ǻ ǻ Ǽ ǽ Ǿ ǿ Ș ș Ț ț ȷ ʼ ˆ ˇ ˉ ˘ ˙ ˚ ˛ ˜ ˝ ˳ ΄ ΅ Ά Έ Ή Ί Ό Ύ Ώ ΐ Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω Ϊ Ϋ ά έ ή ί ΰ α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ ς σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ϊ ϋ ό ύ ώ ϑ ϒ ϖ Ѐ Ё Ђ Ѓ Є Ѕ І Ї Ј Љ Њ Ћ Ќ Ѝ Ў Џ А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ѐ ё ђ ѓ є ѕ і ї ј љ њ ћ ќ ѝ ў џ Ѡ ѡ Ѣ ѣ Ѥ ѥ Ѧ ѧ Ѩ ѩ Ѫ ѫ Ѭ ѭ Ѯ ѯ Ѱ ѱ Ѳ ѳ Ѵ ѵ Ѷ ѷ Ѹ ѹ Ѻ ѻ Ѽ ѽ Ѿ ѿ Ҁ ҁ ҈ ҉ Ҋ ҋ Ҍ ҍ Ҏ ҏ Ґ ґ Ғ ғ Ҕ ҕ Җ җ Ҙ ҙ Қ қ Ҝ ҝ Ҟ ҟ Ҡ ҡ Ң ң Ҥ ҥ Ҧ ҧ Ҩ ҩ Ҫ ҫ Ҭ ҭ Ү ү Ұ ұ Ҳ ҳ Ҵ ҵ Ҷ ҷ Ҹ ҹ Һ һ Ҽ ҽ Ҿ ҿ Ӏ Ӂ ӂ Ӄ ӄ Ӆ ӆ Ӈ ӈ Ӊ ӊ Ӌ ӌ Ӎ ӎ ӏ Ӑ ӑ Ӓ ӓ Ӕ ӕ Ӗ ӗ Ә ә Ӛ ӛ Ӝ ӝ Ӟ ӟ Ӡ ӡ Ӣ ӣ Ӥ ӥ Ӧ ӧ Ө ө Ӫ ӫ Ӭ ӭ Ӯ ӯ Ӱ ӱ Ӳ ӳ Ӵ ӵ Ӷ ӷ Ӹ ӹ Ӻ ӻ Ӽ ӽ Ӿ ӿ Ԁ ԁ Ԃ ԃ Ԅ ԅ Ԇ ԇ Ԉ ԉ Ԋ ԋ Ԍ ԍ Ԏ ԏ Ԑ ԑ Ԓ ԓ Ḁ ḁ Ḿ ḿ Ẁ ẁ Ẃ ẃ Ẅ ẅ Ạ ạ Ả ả Ấ ấ Ầ ầ Ẩ ẩ Ẫ ẫ Ậ ậ Ắ ắ Ằ ằ Ẳ ẳ Ẵ ẵ Ặ ặ Ẹ ẹ Ẻ ẻ Ẽ ẽ Ế ế Ề ề Ể ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ỉ ỉ Ị ị Ọ ọ Ỏ ỏ Ố ố Ồ ồ Ổ ổ Ỗ ỗ Ộ ộ Ớ ớ Ờ ờ Ở ở Ỡ ỡ Ợ ợ Ụ ụ Ủ ủ Ứ ứ Ừ ừ Ử ử Ữ ữ Ự ự Ỳ ỳ Ỵ ỵ Ỷ ỷ Ỹ ỹ Ὅ ndash mdash ― lsquo rsquo sbquo ‛ ldquo rdquo bdquo dagger Dagger bull hellip permil prime Prime lsaquo rsaquo frasl ⁰ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ⁿ ₣ ₤ ₧ ₫ euro ℓ trade Ω ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ part ∆ prod sum minus radic infin int asymp ne le ge loz ff fi fl ffi ffl

149 kB mdash 33 saving

$ amp ( ) + - 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lt = gt A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [ ] ^ _ ` a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z | ~ iexcl cent pound curren yen brvbar sect uml copy ordf laquo not reg macr deg plusmn sup2 sup3 acute micro para middot cedil sup1 ordm raquo frac14 frac12 frac34 iquest Agrave Aacute Acirc Atilde Auml Aring AElig Ccedil Egrave Eacute Ecirc Euml Igrave Iacute Icirc Iuml ETH Ntilde Ograve Oacute Ocirc Otilde Ouml times Oslash Ugrave Uacute Ucirc Uuml Yacute THORN szlig agrave aacute acirc atilde auml aring aelig ccedil egrave eacute ecirc euml igrave iacute icirc iuml eth ntilde ograve oacute ocirc otilde ouml divide oslash ugrave uacute ucirc uuml yacute thorn yuml Ā ā Ă ă Ą ą Ć ć Ĉ ĉ Ċ ċ Č č Ď ď Đ đ Ē ē Ĕ ĕ Ė ė Ę ę Ě ě Ĝ ĝ Ğ ğ Ġ ġ Ģ ģ Ĥ ĥ Ħ ħ Ĩ ĩ Ī ī Ĭ ĭ Į į İ ı IJ ij Ĵ ĵ Ķ ķ ĸ Ĺ ĺ Ļ ļ Ľ ľ Ŀ ŀ Ł ł Ń ń Ņ ņ Ň ň ʼn Ŋ ŋ Ō ō Ŏ ŏ Ő ő Œ œ Ŕ ŕ Ŗ ŗ Ř ř Ś ś Ŝ ŝ Ş ş Š š Ţ ţ Ť ť Ŧ ŧ Ũ ũ Ū ū Ŭ ŭ Ů ů Ű ű Ų ų Ŵ ŵ Ŷ ŷ Ÿ Ź ź Ż ż Ž ž ſ ƒ Ơ ơ Ư ư ǰ Ǻ ǻ Ǽ ǽ Ǿ ǿ Ș ș Ț ț ȷ ʼ ˆ ˇ ˉ ˘ ˙ ˚ ˛ ˜ ˝ ˳ ΄ ΅ Ά Έ Ή Ί Ό Ύ Ώ ΐ Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω Ϊ Ϋ ά έ ή ί ΰ α β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π ρ ς σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ϊ ϋ ό ύ ώ ϑ ϒ ϖ Ѐ Ё Ђ Ѓ Є Ѕ І Ї Ј Љ Њ Ћ Ќ Ѝ Ў Џ А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я а б в г д е ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ѐ ё ђ ѓ є ѕ і ї ј љ њ ћ ќ ѝ ў џ Ѡ ѡ Ѣ ѣ Ѥ ѥ Ѧ ѧ Ѩ ѩ Ѫ ѫ Ѭ ѭ Ѯ ѯ Ѱ ѱ Ѳ ѳ Ѵ ѵ Ѷ ѷ Ѹ ѹ Ѻ ѻ Ѽ ѽ Ѿ ѿ Ҁ ҁ ҈ ҉ Ҋ ҋ Ҍ ҍ Ҏ ҏ Ґ ґ Ғ ғ Ҕ ҕ Җ җ Ҙ ҙ Қ қ Ҝ ҝ Ҟ ҟ Ҡ ҡ Ң ң Ҥ ҥ Ҧ ҧ Ҩ ҩ Ҫ ҫ Ҭ ҭ Ү ү Ұ ұ Ҳ ҳ Ҵ ҵ Ҷ ҷ Ҹ ҹ Һ һ Ҽ ҽ Ҿ ҿ Ӏ Ӂ ӂ Ӄ ӄ Ӆ ӆ Ӈ ӈ Ӊ ӊ Ӌ ӌ Ӎ ӎ ӏ Ӑ ӑ Ӓ ӓ Ӕ ӕ Ӗ ӗ Ә ә Ӛ ӛ Ӝ ӝ Ӟ ӟ Ӡ ӡ Ӣ ӣ Ӥ ӥ Ӧ ӧ Ө ө Ӫ ӫ Ӭ ӭ Ӯ ӯ Ӱ ӱ Ӳ ӳ Ӵ ӵ Ӷ ӷ Ӹ ӹ Ӻ ӻ Ӽ ӽ Ӿ ӿ Ԁ ԁ Ԃ ԃ Ԅ ԅ Ԇ ԇ Ԉ ԉ Ԋ ԋ Ԍ ԍ Ԏ ԏ Ԑ ԑ Ԓ ԓ Ḁ ḁ Ḿ ḿ Ẁ ẁ Ẃ ẃ Ẅ ẅ Ạ ạ Ả ả Ấ ấ Ầ ầ Ẩ ẩ Ẫ ẫ Ậ ậ Ắ ắ Ằ ằ Ẳ ẳ Ẵ ẵ Ặ ặ Ẹ ẹ Ẻ ẻ Ẽ ẽ Ế ế Ề ề Ể ể Ễ ễ Ệ ệ Ỉ ỉ Ị ị Ọ ọ Ỏ ỏ Ố ố Ồ ồ Ổ ổ Ỗ ỗ Ộ ộ Ớ ớ Ờ ờ Ở ở Ỡ ỡ Ợ ợ Ụ ụ Ủ ủ Ứ ứ Ừ ừ Ử ử Ữ ữ Ự ự Ỳ ỳ Ỵ ỵ Ỷ ỷ Ỹ ỹ Ὅ ndash mdash ― lsquo rsquo sbquo ‛ ldquo rdquo bdquo dagger Dagger bull hellip permil prime Prime lsaquo rsaquo frasl ⁰ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ⁿ ₣ ₤ ₧ ₫ euro ℓ trade Ω ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ part ∆ prod sum minus radic infin int asymp ne le ge loz ff fi fl ffi ffl

83 kB mdash 62 saving

Provide hints before a resource is discovered

ltlink rel=dns-prefetch href=otherhostnamecomgt ltlink rel=subresource href=some_other_resourcejsgt ltlink rel=prefetch href=some_other_resourcejpeggt ltlink rel=prerender href=domaincomnext_pagehtmlgt

What can we put off until later

httpwwwflickrcomphotosmelodramababs5962771148

httpsspeakerdeckcommikeyksecrets-to-lightning-fast-mobile-design

User gets feedback

Network request still in progress

Magic the Art of Misdirection

httpwwwflickrcomphotosnozzer3990622685

httpmercuryioblogthe-psychology-of-waiting-loading-animations-and-facebook

httpwwwflickrcomphotoscommunityfriend2342578485

Embrace Constraintshellip Set a budget

httpwwwflickrcomphotoscommunityfriend2342578485

Requests page size etc are easier to measure but may not represent real world experience

Embrace Constraintshellip Set a budget

ldquoUsable within 10 seconds on GPRS connectionrdquo - BBC News

ldquoSpeedIndex under 1000rdquo - Paul Irish Google

For a faster mobile site

Move less bytes13Prioritise what you move13Move them while no-one is looking13Distract the visitor

Thank Youandydavies13

andydaviesnccgroupcom 13

httpslidesharenetandydavies

httpwwwflickrcomphotosnzbuu4093456029