Nanotechnology: Basic introduction to the nanotechnology

NanotechnologyGroup

Group 2

Nanotechnology….?• Nanotechnology is engineering at the

molecular (groups of atoms) level• It is the collective term for a range of

technologies, techniques and processes that involve the manipulation of matter at the smallest scale (from 1 to 100 nm2)

With 15,342 atoms, this parallel-shaft speed reducer gear is one of the largest nanomechanical devices

ever modeled

Nanotechnology

Human Hair 75 µm

Feat

ure

Size

10nm

100nm

1µm

10µm

1nm

0.1nm

100µm

Nanotechnology: Size and Scale

Plant and Animal Cells

Most Bacteria

Transistor

0.18µm

Virus

Proteins

Lysozyme

Carbon Nano-tubes

Atoms Cooper, 2001

History of nanotechnology

In 1959 Richrad Feynman presented ideas for creating

Nano scale machines

Norio Taniguchi introduced the term

‘nanotechnology’

1980s, development in this field was greatly enhanced with

advances in electron microscopy

Approaches in nanotechnology

Top-down Approach

Creating Nano-scale materials by physically or chemically breaking down

larger materials

Bottom-up Approach

Assembling Nano materials atom-by-atom or molecule-by molecule

(self assembling)

Aspects of nanotechnology

Nano materials Nano powders - building blocks of nano materials

(particles less than 100 nm in size)

Porous metallic ‘nanocubes’

store large amounts of H2

Nanoparticles of gold fornew catalysts

The scale ofnanopowders

www.cordis.lu/nanotechnology

Carbon nanotubes (sensors, fuel cells, computers and televisions)

Nano membrane filtration systems (safe, clean, affordable water)

Molecular electronic ‘cross bar latches’ (tiny Nano devices)

Quantum dots and artificial atoms (small devices that contain a tiny droplet of free electrons)

Nanotechnology applications

MedicineEx. Nano biotechnology

Energy ex.

Renewable energy

Electronics and information technologies

Chemistry and Environment

Consumer goods

Military and

security applicati

ons

Stages of Nanotechnology

2001 2005 2010 2020

Systems ofNanosystem

sRobotics

3D networksGuided

assemblers

MolecularNanosystemsMolecules by

designEvolutionary

systems

PassiveNanostructur

esCoatings,

polymers,ceramics

ActiveNanostructure

sTransistors

Targeted drugsAdaptive

structures

Agrifood applicatinos currently in passive to early “active” stage

Nanotechnology in Agriculture

Plant productionEx: Delivery of

DNA to plants

Animal ProductionEx: Nano tube

sensors to detect hormone level

changes

Animal or Plant

HealthEx: Detect pathogens

Agrochemical Ex:

Nanoparticles in pesticides

In food industr

y

ConvergenceNano-Geo-(Bio)-Info

technology

SensingEx: Detect

chemicals or food borne pathogen

SafetyPackagingEx: Prevent or

respond to spoilage

Nanotechnology in SL; At a glance……

2006 - Sri Lanka’s National Nanotechnology Initiative (SLNNI)

2008 Establishment of NANCO (Pvt) LtdSri Lanka Institute of Nanotechnology (Pvt) Ltd. (SLINTEC)

Merger of NANCO (Pvt) Ltd. and SLINTEC (Pvt) Ltd.

Establishment of A world class Nanotechnology

Laboratory Establishment of a Nanoscience Park

Health and environmental impacts

Health risks Medical application of nanoparticles

ex: enhance drug delivery

Some nanoparticles —freely mobile Negative health and environmental

impacts

From today to

tomorrow…..

USA - Highest

investor & patent holder

In 2004 US$ 4 billion worldwide

11

percent

of jobs

globally Leading

countries Japan,

Western Europe Source: Lux Research 2008

References……..

1. Chen et al.,2007. Manufacturing at the Nanoscale. National Nanotechnology Initiative Workshop Report. Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology. National Science Foundation. Retrieved March 3, 2012, from http://www.nano.gov/NNI-Manufacturing-at-the-Nanoscale.pdf.

2. Hood, E. 2004. Nanotechnology : Looking as we leap. Environment Health Perspect. Retrieved March 3, 2012 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.112-9740

3. National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) US Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2009. Nanotechnology for Food and Agriculture Industry. Retrieved March 5, 2012 from http://www.google.lk/#hl=en&output=search&sclient=psy-ab&q=Nanotechnology.

4. Interfaculty Environmental Science Department (IVAM) of the University of Amsterdam, Special report 3/30, Buying the nano-market. Retrived March 9 2012, from http://www.google.lk/#hl=en&sclient=psy-ab&q=Lux+Research.+2008.