New Technology to produce Solar Grade Silicon

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- Upgrading Metallurgical Silicon 98-99% Si - Current processes face challenges in B removal - SSI has developed a process to lower it to 1ppm - SSI process can lower the other impurities to produce 99.99% (4N) Silicon

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February 26, 2014

1

Lower cost feed stock is required.

Siemens’ process feed stock is good purity (>7N) but is expensive◦ Was >$50/kg

◦ With bulk production ~$25/kg in China

2Contact michael@avantimac.com for more information

Current processes face challenges in B removal

SSI has developed a process to lower it to 1ppm

SSI process can lower the other impurities to produce 99.99% (4N) Silicon

3Contact michael@avantimac.com for more information

Expect cost ~$15/kg

Do further R&D to lower cost

Run Directional Solidification on 250+kg to produce brick

Produce wafers◦ To confirm %energy conversion

4Contact michael@avantimac.com for more information

Element Silicon Lump (ppm)

B <DLP 3

Al 179

Ce 17

Cr 91

Cu 43

Mo 11

Ni 94

Sc 25

Ta 3

Zn <DL

Zr 38

Total Impurities 1000

5Contact michael@avantimac.com for more information

Contact michael@avantimac.com for more information 6

Element Silicon Powder After Refining (ppm)

B <DLP <DLAl 14Ce 3Cr <DLCu <DLMo <DLNi <DLSc 23Ta <DLZn <DLZr <DL

Total Impurities 64

7

Michael Dehn, CEO

Avanti Management & Consulting Limited

tel 647-477-2382

cel 416-301-4949

michael@avantimac.com

www.avantimac.com

Contact michael@avantimac.com for more information

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