Rain Water Harvesting As Alternative Water Source

Rain Water Harvesting as Rain Water Harvesting as Alternative Water Source Alternative Water Source “Changes start from inside the Campus”“Changes start from inside the Campus”

Indonesia Case of RWH

Presented by: Toha SalehCenter for Environmental and Water Engineering ResearchCivil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering – University of Indonesia

Research Team: Toha Saleh, Elkhobar, Dwinanti, Dwita SMParticipated Students: Adi Pauna, Ahmad Dzaky, Robby

Regional Conference for Southeast Asia on Rainwater Harvesting in Integrated Water Resources Management:"An Exchange of Practices and Learnings“

25-26 November 2008, Davao City - Philippines.

Indonesia Facts Indonesia Facts

Rainfall: 200-300 mm/year (more than 2,500 km3)

Environmental Issues: Flood, Drought, Landslide, Poor Water Quality, Poor Access to Water

People: Activities, Habits, Politics, Coordination

Region Yearly Rainfall (mm)

South part of Gunung Slamet (Central Java) 4.000

Bogor (West Java) 3.200

Sumatera 2.300

Malang (East Java) 2.000

Nusa Tenggara (Next to Timor Leste) 1.000

Palu (Central Sulawesi) 546

Understanding the IWRM Understanding the IWRM

Water is the basis for all living ecosystems and Water is the basis for all living ecosystems and habitats and part of an immutable hydrological cycle habitats and part of an immutable hydrological cycle

that must be respected if development of human that must be respected if development of human activity and well-being is to be sustainable.activity and well-being is to be sustainable.

A holistic, systemic approach relying on Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) must replace the fragmentation that currently exists in managing water

The Need of IWRM The Need of IWRM

As a tool towards Proper water management Adaptation to climate change Achieving MDGs Knowledge transfer for next generation Plan to sustainability

Rainwater Harvesting Rainwater Harvesting

Reduce Runoff Preserve Groundwater Reduce Environmental Losses Lessen Drought Period Plan to sustainability

As part of Low Impact As part of Low Impact DevelopmentDevelopment (LID) Approach (LID) Approach

Low Impact DevelopmentLow Impact Development

An innovative, ecosystem-based approach to land development and stormwater management

To mimic predevelopment site hydrology, by considering local natural environment & limitations, through introduction of site design techniques effects of development will be minimal

Why We Need Low Impact Development

To better protect our:• Streams• Fish and wildlife

habitat• Watershed

hydrology• Drinking water • Water quality

To reduce infrastructure costs

To make our communities more attractive

Primary Goal of LIDPrimary Goal of LID

Design each development site to protect, or restore, the natural hydrology of the site so that the overall integrity of the watershed is protected. This is done by creating a “hydrologically” functional landscape.

Low-Impact Development Design Strategies (An Integrated Design Approach), Prince George.s Country, Maryland. Department of Environmental Resources Programs and Planning Division. June 1999.

Basic LIDBasic LID PrinciplesPrinciples

1. Conserve natural areas 2. Minimize development

impacts 3. Maintain site runoff rate 4. Use integrated management

practices 5. Implement pollution

prevention, proper maintenance and public education programs

LID ImplementationLID Implementation

Identify and develop applicable regulations and requirements

Use drainage/hydrology as a design foundation

Allow designs that reflect conservation plans

Reduce site imperviousness and minimize directly connected impervious areas

Use sustainable integrated management practices

Develop pollution prevention, maintenance, public outreach and education programs

Conservation

Open Drainage

Rain Gardens

Amended Soils

Rain Barrel

Reduced Imperviousness

LID SiteLID Site Porous

Pavement

Create a Hydrologically Functional Lot

Rainfall / Runoff LID vs Conventional

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Hours

Flo

w

Conventional

LID

Rainfall

0 4 8 12 16

LID Site Delay in Discharge Reduced Peak Discharge Prolonged Groundwater Flow

Conventional Immediate Discharge Higher Peak Flows Flashy Hydrology

LID PracticesLID Practices

Green Roofs

Planter Boxes

LID PracticesLID Practices

Rain Barrels, Cisterns and Storage TanksRain Barrels, Cisterns and Storage TanksLID PracticesLID Practices

Green Infrastructure by Design:Green Infrastructure by Design:Sustainable Urban Water Sustainable Urban Water

ManagementManagement

…One of the program

The Development of UI Campus as Natural Laboratory

Firstly,Firstly,

Welcome…Welcome…

to theto the University of Indonesia

University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

To be acknowledged as a research university – the center for excellence in science, technology, and culture

thethe vision

thethe goals

Enhance Science and Technology in the Indonesian culture through Research, Disseminate the Knowledge through quality software, and Implement the Idea through public service

University of IndonesiaUniversity of Indonesia

Campus lies on more than 300 Ha(15 ha of buildings, 95 ha of open space & parking lots, 190 ha of garden & urban forest)

Set in 2 provinces (Jakarta & West Java – Depok)

Consists of 6 lakes as part of Ciliwung-Cisadane Watershed System

Planned as urban tropical forest and groundwater recharge area

thethe site

Map of UI CampusMap of UI Campus

Motivations of the ProgramMotivations of the Program

Environmental consciousness in planning & design of infrastructure system leading to sustainability of the environment = Green Design

Vision: to become the center of excellence having strong environmental consciousness

Utilizing the water courses within the campus as Utilizing the water courses within the campus as reservoir, reservoir, water and land conservationwater and land conservation, to , to support the government programsupport the government program

OptimizingOptimizing the the water resources managementwater resources management in in

the campus and surroundings (Depok area) by the campus and surroundings (Depok area) by integrating the Ciliwung-Cisadane watershed integrating the Ciliwung-Cisadane watershed managementmanagement

Utilizing the campus area (the lakes, the urban Utilizing the campus area (the lakes, the urban forest, and surroundings) as research areas for forest, and surroundings) as research areas for student and communitystudent and community

Purpose of the ProgramPurpose of the Program

Green Planning &Design Research

Program

Green Community

Services Program

Program B: Green Infrastructure by Design

Green Academic Enhancement

Program

CED-UI:A center of excellence for civil engineering science and technology that is environmentally conscious and globally competitive.

Green Planning &Design Research

Program

Green Community

Services Program

Program B: Green Infrastructure by Design

Green Planning &Design Research

Program

Green Community

Services Program

Program B: Green Infrastructure by Design

Green Academic Enhancement

Program

Green Academic Enhancement

Program

CED-UI:A center of excellence for civil engineering science and technology that is environmentally conscious and globally competitive.

Program FrameworkProgram Framework

ConceptConcept

Lakes as Lakes as groundwater groundwater recharge area, to recharge area, to compensate the compensate the land conversion land conversion used by UI used by UI

Realization of Realization of environmental-environmental-friendly campus friendly campus

DAS

Satu kesatuan ekosistem dengan unsur utama: - Sumber Daya Alam

(vegetasi, tanah & air) - Sumber Daya Manusia

Unit Perencanaan

Memanfaatkan DAS secara optimal untuk meningkatkan: 1. nilai pembangunan dalam DAS

2. fungsi sistem hidrologi DAS

Pengelolaan DAS terpadu

Depdagri

Deptan

Dep PU

Dephut

Dep.....

Lembaga Penelitian Perguruan Tinggi

KLH

Dep.....

Gambar 1: Pengelolaan DAS Terpadu

Tujuan

UtilizationUtilization

Groundwater recharge areaGroundwater recharge area Research laboratory and education supportResearch laboratory and education support Flood controlFlood control Urban forest and conservationUrban forest and conservation Landscape component which introduce the Landscape component which introduce the

beautifulness, freshness, and beautifulness, freshness, and technologically developedtechnologically developed

Sport and recreation facilities and Sport and recreation facilities and infrastructures for student, academics, and infrastructures for student, academics, and communitycommunity

Water & Land ConservationWater & Land Conservation

Lakes and ponds rehabilitation as water Lakes and ponds rehabilitation as water system component in Greater Jakartasystem component in Greater Jakarta

Role model for environmental-friendly campus Role model for environmental-friendly campus through the development of water through the development of water conservation areaconservation area

Harvest the rain to reduce runoff and GW Harvest the rain to reduce runoff and GW abstractionabstraction

Current ActivitiesCurrent Activities

Research on:Research on:– Sustainable Urban Water ManagementSustainable Urban Water Management– Low Impact Development and BMPsLow Impact Development and BMPs– Groundwater / aquifer in Depok areaGroundwater / aquifer in Depok area– Social issuesSocial issues

Community developmentCommunity development Collaborative activities with the Depok Collaborative activities with the Depok

authorityauthority(Depok 2020: High-quality Education City)(Depok 2020: High-quality Education City)

RWH Study AreasRWH Study AreasK

A

M

P

U

S

Kenanga

Agatis

Mahoni

Puspa

Ulin

Salam

RWHRWH

RWHRWH

CisternCistern

BeneficiariesBeneficiaries

Internal beneficiaries: – academic staff – students

External beneficiaries: – decision makers (local authorities, people’s

representatives), – industry, – intermediaries (developers, consultants,

contractors, NGOs)– academics within the inter-university

network– general public.

ResultResult

RWH is effective approach to replace GW Daily cost reduction High investment?

but the investment is not the money nor the cost, but the sustainability itself

Still need water treatment to be able for drink More researches

SummarySummary

LID is an approach to land development and stormwater management that helps protect water resources and watershed hydrology.

We’re gaining a better understanding of how LID can be used to protect the environment, reduce costs and make our communities more attractive.

Rainwater harvesting can be advantageous Let’s start from ourselves, then tell others

Thank You