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Web Application Frameworks
(WAF)
Ako Kaman@scheperson
What is a WAF?
• A general purpose software framework• Used to build:• Dynamic websites• Web applications• Web API
• Mostly based on MVC pattern• Push based (more popular)• Pull based
Why should I bother using a WAF?
• Community support• Don’t reinvent the wheel• Better application structure• Decrease development time• Free tools and components (more on this later)• Hundreds of developers are smarter than your team! (RoR
=> 3477)
What is included in a typical WAF?
• Asset management (some WAFs)• Generating sprites• Pre-compiling assets for production• Compiling SASS, Less and Coffescript on the fly (development)
• Helpers• Security• Local authentication• Using OAuth
• Controllers• Test tools
What is included in a typical WAF? (cont.)
• Scaffolding• Command line tools• I18n and L10n support• Templating engine (View layer)• Routing and URL mapping (no
Default.aspx)!• Database access and abstraction (Model
layer)• Migrations• Caching data• Databased agnostic• Object oriented database access (ORM)
How does MVC work?
Router
Controller Model
Browser
View
Request
Dispatch
Fetch dataPush data
Render Response
Some WAFs out there
• PHP• Yii• Laravel• FuelPHP• CakePHP• Zend Framework• CodeIgniter (dead) => ExpressionEngine• Symfony => Yahoo Bookmarks, Delicious, DailyMotion
• Python• Flask• Pylons• Django => Pinterest, Disqus, Instagram, Mozilla, Rdio
Some WAFs out there (cont.)
• Java/Scala• Lift => FourSquare• Play => LinkedIn, Klout, The Guardian
• Java• Grails• Spring
• ASP.NET (C#, VB) :(• ASP.NET MVC
• Ruby :)• Sinatra => Apple, BBC, Heroku• Ruby on Rails =>Twitter, GitHub, Basecamp, Groupon, SoundCloud
How does MVC work?
Router
Controller Model
Browser
View
Request
Dispatch
Fetch dataPush data
Render Response
Making an HTTP request
Router
Controller Model
Browser
View
Request
Dispatch
Fetch dataPush data
Render Response
Making an HTTP request (cont.)
http://example.com/books/1
GET /books/1 HTTP/1.1Host: example.com
Routing and URL mapping
Router
Controller Model
Browser
View
Request
Dispatch
Fetch dataPush data
Render Response
Routing and URL mapping (cont.)
get “admin/news”
match "admin/news", to: "admin#posts", as: "manage_news", via: :get
Prefix Verb URI Pattern Controller#Action
admin_news GET /admin/news admin#news
Prefix Verb URI Pattern Controller#Action
manage_news GET /admin/news admin#posts
Routing and URL mapping (cont.)
resources “books”
Note the :id parameter
Prefix Verb URI Pattern Controller#Action
books GET /books books#index
POST /books books#create
new_book GET /books/new books#new
edit_book GET /books/:id/edit books#edit
book GET /books/:id books#show
PATCH /books/:id books#update
PUT /books/:id books#update
DELETE /books/:id books#destroy
Migrations, Models and Controllers
Router
Controller Model
Browser
View
Request
Dispatch
Fetch dataPush data
Render Response
Migrations, Models and Controllers (cont.)
class CreateBooks < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :books do |t| t.string :title t.string :isbn t.integer :pages end endend
$ rails g migration CreateBooks title isbn pages:integer
What is a migration?
Migrations, Models and Controllers (cont.)
class BooksController < ApplicationController ... def show @book = Book.find(params[:id]) # /books/:id end ...end
class Book < ActiveRecord::Baseend
Views
Router
Controller Model
Browser
View
Request
Dispatch
Fetch dataPush data
Render Response
Views (cont.)
<p> <strong>Title:</strong> <%= @book.title %></p><p> <strong>ISBN:</strong> <%= @book.isbn %></p><p> <strong>Pages:</strong> <%= @book.pages %></p>
<%= link_to 'Edit', edit_book_path(@book) %> |<%= link_to 'Back', books_path %>
Views (cont.)
<p> <strong>Title:</strong> <%= @book.title %></p><p> <strong>ISBN:</strong> <%= @book.isbn %></p><p> <strong>Pages:</strong> <%= @book.pages %></p>
<%= link_to 'Edit', edit_book_path(@book) %> |<%= link_to 'Back', books_path %>
Prefix Verb URI Pattern Controller#Action
books GET /books books#index
edit_book GET /books/:id/edit books#edit
The end result
Questions?
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