What Is An Attitude

ATTITUDE & JOB SATISFACTION

What is an Attitude? Attitudes are evaluative statements – either

favorable or unfavorable. Attitudes are the feelings and beliefs a

person has towards a particular object, thing, place, event or another person.

Is a tendency to react positively or negatively in regard to an object.

Attitude

Values

Beliefs

Intentions BehaviorCognitive- Neha got

promotion

Affective – I dislike supervisor

Psychomotor- Looking for other opportunities

Negative Attitude

ValuesBasic convention that a specific mode of

conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or an end state of existence.

Values are defined in literature as everything from eternal ideas to behavioral actions.

Values as socially or culturally accepted standards or rules of behavior

• Social versus individualistic orientations

• Certain values are universal and absolute

4 important aspects of attitudes Attitude are learned through experience They predispose people to behave

(respond) in certain ways; Attitudes and behavior conform to a

principle of consistency The unfavorable and favorable manner of

behaving reflects the evaluative about something

Attitudes are acquired from:

Admires, respects or fears

Parents Teachers Authority figures Peer group

• Group Affiliation• Personal Experience• Socialization

Attitude in Organization Good or bad meaning Biases Management

Cognitive Dissonance Theory Any incompatibility between two or more

attitudes or between behavior and attitude. Arises when our behavior is at odds with

our attitudes or self-concept

Dissonance ModelTwo inconsistentcognitions (e.g., anattitude and a counter-attitudinal behavior)

State ofdissonance

Motivationto reducedissonance

Attitudechange

UNLESSJustificationfor counter-attitudinalbehavior

Measurement of Attitudes Thurstone Scale: 1:11 Favorable: Unfavorable

Linkert’s Scale: Strongly Agree, Agree, Undecided, Disagree, Strongly disagree

Bogardus’s Social Distance Scale:

Statement on national, racial or ethnic group

Guttman’s Scale: Degree of Dissatisfaction

SubjectiveNorm

Attitude:Act

BehaviorIntent

Behavior

Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein & Ajzen)

Attitudes and Behavior

Evaluation

Behaviorbeliefs

Normativebeliefs

Motivation to Comply

SubjectiveNorm

Attitude:Act

BehaviorIntent

Behavior

Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein & Ajzen)

Attitudes and Behavior

Evaluation

Behaviorbeliefs

Normativebeliefs

Motivation to Comply

SubjectiveNorm

Attitude:Act

BehaviorIntent

Behavior

Theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein & Ajzen)

Constraints

Attitudes and Behavior

Opinion Opinion is an expression of an evaluative

judgment or point of view regarding a specific topic or subject.

What is Job Satisfaction? Spector:

“the degree to which people like their jobs”

“How people feel about their jobs and different aspects of their jobs”

Work characteristics

JobSatisfaction(s)

Factors Controllable by Management Pay Fringe benefits Opportunity for advancement Working Conditions Co- workers Responsibility Supervision Downward flow of Communication

Job Satisfaction Personal factors No. of Dependents Age Time of Job Intelligence Education Personality exclusive of

intelligence

Inherent Job Factors Type of work Skills required Occupational status Geography Size of the plant

Responses to Job Satisfaction

Destructive Constructive

Exit Voice

Neglect

Active

Passive

Loyalty

Perceived characteristics

JobSatisfaction(s)

Objective characteristics

Needs/Values

Perceived characteristics

JobSatisfaction(s)

Objective characteristics

Needs/Values

Frame of Reference

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