Ac 04 history

HISTORY OF CONSERVATION

TheSearch For Divine Code

REDISCOVERY OF ANTIQUITIES

THE AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

CLASSSICAL MONUMENTS

THE AGE OFROMANTICISM

STYLISTIC RESTORATION

CONSERVATION

1400 1500 1800 1900


1400

-Rennaisance > antique arts collected

-15th C Terraced Garden > Statues Displayed > by Bramante


1400

-Marcus Vitruvius Pollio – his treatise De Architectura (27 BC) became a source of traditional knowledge


1400

-Leon Battista Alberti (1404-72)“ adhere to the original design of the inventor”.


1400

-Francesco di Giorgio Martini (1439-1501)Record ruins before all disappeared


1400

-Leonardo da Vinci“”medical architect” project should be based on thorough knowledge of the condition & form of the existing structure.


1400

- Pope Pius II (1458-64). April 28, 1462 > maintain & preserve ancient structures that serve to cover the burials & relics of holy men.


1400

-Raffaello Santi (1483-1520)Father of modern state protection of monuments


1400

-Reformation & Counter- Reformation calls calls for changes in existing church buildings.


1400

-Inigo Jones, English, 1613 brought home the Palladianism in England, started a trend


1400


1500

-The French Revolution (18th C)Proclamation of reason in its ultimate expressionDevelopment of sciences & technology, less religion

-Systematic inventory & classification

-Napoleon – He pictured himself as successor to the ancient roman emperors therefore he wanted to restore the antique Greek Monuments.

-Abbe Gregoire (1750-1831)Insisted that the objects should be kept in their original location and could only be moved for purposes of conservation.

-MuseumsShelters for the protection of movable objects 1

-1793Quatremere de QuincyTo displace monuments, collect their fragments, means to establish a dead nation: it is to attend to its own funeral while still alive.


1500

Conservation advantages: (Introduction in the edict)

(Aesthetic Value) Antiquity of Rome – distinguishes her among all the famous cities of Europe

(Pedagogical Value)Inspiration for Artists & scholars with ideas of Beautiful & Sublime.

(Touristic Value) Attract foreigners in studying it

(Economical Value) Provide employment in the field of Fine Arts & new products will promote branch of commercial & industrial activities.

(Nationalistic Value) Useful to the Public & State


1500

CanovaMinimum necessary to conserve a monument, e.g., Colosseum, restoration was not the aim but conservation of all ancient fragments as part of the authentic historic monument.


1500

The Arch of TitusGisor’s recommendation “ to complete the lost parts in a simplified form.. the result will be that, without spending much more than those shapeless supports would cost, this interesting monument .onGisor’s recommendation “ to complete the lost parts in a simplified form.. the result will be that, without spending much more than those shapeless supports would cost, this interesting monument


1500


1500

THE AGE OF ROMANTICISM

-Age of Reason, issues > absolutism, order & discipline

-Romanticism> against Age of reason > it searches for freedom, individuality, expression & creativity

Pugin

-about the fulfillment of the original idea in the Catholic Church.


1500

The Conservator“First 1843 Ferdinand Von Quast

-friendly relationships” who could influence preservation.

made careful, historical, archeological & structural Survey, prepared measured dwgs & gave restoration proposal.

-Restore with respect for all parts of any age with historic & artistic value.

-Caution towards “improvements”


1500


1800

-restoration’s rationale stylistic unity.

-Prosper MERIMEE“All Innovation should be avoided.. Forms should be faithfully copied. Where no trace of the original is left, study by consulting the monuments of the same period, of the same style, from the same country…”

-Jean-Baptiste LASSUS

“Architect Conservator should have scientific knowledge, leave his artistic side


1800

Eugene EmmanuelVIOLLET-LE-DUC

(1814-79)

-Never made official architectural studies

-to reinstate it in a condition of completeness which may never have existed at any given time.

- just as he himself have directed the orig. bldg.


1800

-to restore lost parts of this spectacular ‘war machine’ as they would have been in 13th C.

J-J. BOURASSE 1845 -Aim >

completion of the artistic idea


1800

CONSERVATION

1800 1900

CONSERVATIONJohn RUSKIN’s

Conservation Principles 1819-1900

-Anti-restorationMovement > criticize

the destruction of historical authenticity of bldgs.

-Word RESTORATION (Negative connotation)> birth of CONSERVATION

-Heritage < Unique Creation < Personal Sacrifice of Creator< Man’s perception of beauty in Nature < reflection of God< Age contributes to the Beauty < Marks of age An essential element < “maturity” in its beauty

-Attention to “age value” , unity of feeling, basis of all grace, essence of all beauty

-Picturesqueness > Marks of ageing in the material gives it character

-Promote traditional workmanshipPreservation of surfaces

CONSERVATION

1800 1900

-Herman MUTHESIUS 1861-1927, “Maintenance instead of reconstruction: general aim of Conservation”

-Camillo BOITO 1836-1914, “Monuments.. also show facets of the history of different peoples..

-Date of intervention indicated on the Monument.

CONSERVATION

1800 1900

Art & Photos

Ac 04 history