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Jose Rizal in Ghent and the publication of his 2nd novel
#Overview:*Rizal started to polish the manuscript of El Filibusterismo.
*On October, 1887 he begun writing it while practicing medicine in Calamba.
*In London, he made some changes in the plot and corrected some chapters.
*In Paris and Madrid, he wrote more.
*In Biarritz, he finished it on March 29, 1891
*It took 3 years
Jose Alejandrino
Met two Compatriots:- Jose Alejandrino (from
Pampanga)- Edilberto Evangelista
both studying engineering in the University of Ghent
He lived in a cheap boarding house with Jose Alejandrino as room-mate. They prepare their own breakfast.
Reasons for moving to Ghent:
-the cost of printing in
Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels
- to escape from the
enticing attraction of Petite
Suzanne
Jose Rizal
4
dated on July 1891
HULAT lng…
Jose Maria Basa
Jose Rizal x
I already pawned my jewels… soon I will have to stop its publication if no
money comes…
Jose Rizal
1
dated on July 1891
dated on August 1891
Jose Maria Basa
Jose Rizal x
I’m now on the page112… Bcoz no mani s 4thcoming &I owe everybody and I’m broke, I’ll hav 2 suspend the publication and leave the work half-
finished.
Valentin Ventura
Ventura, Savior of the Fili
Rizal’s calvary was similar calamity he experienced in Berlin 1886. Valentin Ventura heard Rizal’s predicament he immediately sent the amount of money needed to finish the publication of the novel.
Consyensia… XBITOTS… X
2
“…I will
t
Jose Rizal
Jose Maria Basa
Jose Rizal
…At times I feel like burning my manuscript…
But then I think of you, and I know that der r many gud
men lyk u who truly luV der country…
I will help you Rizal.
The Fili comes off the Press
-September 18, 1891 El Filibusterismo came off the Press
-He sent two printed copies to Hongkoong one for Basa and the other for Sixto Lopez-The original manuscript was gratefully donated to Valentin Ventura and an autograph printed copy. - sent other complimentary ocpies to Blumentritt, Mariano Ponce, G. Lopez Jaena, T.H Pardo de Tavera. Antonio and Juan Luna, and other friends
El Filibusterismo
in foreign land and in Philippines praised the novel.
Filipino patriots
Members of the Colony of Barcelona published a tribute in La Publicidad“s comparable only to the sublime Alexander Dumas”
The liberal Madrid newspaper, El Nuevo Regimen, serialized the novel in its issues of October, 1891
The Foreword reads:We have so often been frightened by the phantom of filibusterism that from only a nurse's narration it has become a positive and real being whose name alone (in depriving us of our serenity) makes us commit the greatest myths in order not to meet the feared reality. Instead of fleeing, we shall look at its face, and with determined, if inexpert, hand we shall raise the veil to uncover before the multitude the mechanism of its skeleton.If, upon seeing it, our country and its government reflect, we shall consider ourselves happy no matter whether they censure us for the audacity, no matter whether we pay for it like the young student of Sais who wished to penetrate the secret of the priestly imposure. (On the other hand, if in the face of reality, instead of being soothed, one's fear is increased and the trepidation of another is aggravated, then they will have to be left in the hands of time which educates the living, in the hands of fatality which weaves the destinies of peoples and their governments with the faults and errors that they are committing every day. ) Europe, 1891
The Author
Instead of fleeing, we shall look at its face, and with determined, if inexpert, hand we shall raise the veil to uncover before the multitude the mechanism of its skeleton.
The Warning reads:They are going to waste their time who would attack this book by holding on to trifles, or who from other motives, would try to discover in it more or less known physiognomies. True to its purpose of exposing the disease, of the patient, and, in order not to divert himself nor divert the reader, whilst he narrates only real facts which happened recently and are absolutely authentic in substance, he has disfigured his characters so that they may not turn to be the typical pictures some readers found in his first book. Man passes; his vices remain, and to accentuate or show their effects, the pen of the writer aspires.
The original manuscript of El Filibusterismo in Rizal’s own handwriting is now preserved in the Filipiniana Division of the Bureau of Public Libraries, Manila. It had been acquired by the Philippine Government from Valentin Ventura for 10,000 pesos. It consists of 279 pages of long sheets of paper.
They are going to waste their time who would attack this book by holding on to trifles, or who from other motives, would try to discover in it more or less known physiognomies.
The title page of El Fili contains an inscription written by Ferdinand Blumentritt.
Jose Rizal
Jose Rizal
It can easily be supposed that a rebel has secretly bewitched the league of friar-zealots and retrogrades so that, unwittingly following his incitements,
they should favor and foment that policy which pursues one sole end; to spread ideas of rebellion throughout
the length and breadth of the land, and to convince every Filipino that there is no salvation except through separation
from the Mother Country.
The Manuscript and the Book
"The church, by refusing to degrade you, has placed in doubt the crime that has been imputed to you; the Government, by surrounding your trials with mystery
and shadows causes the belief that there was some error, committed in fatal
moments; and all the Philippines, by worshipping your memory and calling
you martyrs, in no sense recognizes your culpability. In so far, therefore, as your complicity in the Cavite Mutiny is not clearly proved, as you may or may not have been patriots, and as you may or
may not cherished sentiments for justice and for liberty, I have the right to
dedicate my work to you as victims of the evil which I undertake to combat. And while we await expectantly upon Spain
some day to restore your good name and cease to be answerable for your death,
let these pages serve as a tardy wreath of dried leaves over one who without clear
proofs attacks your memory stains his hands in your blood."
In so far, therefore, as your complicity in the Cavite Mutiny is not clearly
proved, as you may or may not have been patriots, and as you may or may not cherished sentiments for justice
and for liberty, I have the right to dedicate my work to you as victims of the evil which I undertake to combat.
"To the memory of the priests, Don Mariano Gomez (85 years old), Don Jose Burgos (30 years old), and Don Jacinto Zamora (35 years old). Executed in the
Bagumbayan Field on the 28th of February, 1872."
Rizal’s memory seemed to have failed him, though, for Father Gomez was then 73 not 85, Father Burgos 35 not 30 Father Zamora 37 not 35; and the date of execution 17th not 28th.
Zaide
Dedicated to GOMBURZA
This novel is a sequel to the Noli. It has a little humor, less idealism, and less romance than the Noli Me Tangere. It is more revolutionary and more tragic than the first novel.
The hero of El Filibusterismo is a rich jeweler named Simoun. He was Crisostomo Ibarra of the Noli, who, with Elias’ help, escaped from the pursuing soldiers at Laguna de Bay, dug up his buried treasure, and fled to Cuba where he became rich and befriended many Spanish officials. After many years he returned to the Philippines, where he freely moved around. He is a powerful figure not only because he is a rich jeweler but also because he is a good friend and adviser of the governor general.
Outwardly, Simoun is a friend of Spain. However deep in his heart, he is secretly cherishing a terrible revenge against the Spanish authorities. His two magnificent obsessions are to rescue Maria Clara from the nunnery of Santa Clara and to foment a revolution against the hated Spanish masters.
Synopsis of El Filibusterismo
Don Cutodio, a pro-spanish Filipino holding a position in
the government
Juanito Pelaez , Paulita’s futuring husband
Cabesang Tales, who dispossessed of his land in Tiani by the friars like that
of Rizal’s father; he became bandit chieftain “Matanglawin”
Basilio, son of Sisa and promising medical student, whose medical
education is financed by his patron, Capitan Tiago
Paulita Gomez, beautiful niece of Tiburcio
Tiburcio de Espadaña, who has deserted Doña Victorina
Ben-Zayb (anagram of Ibañez), a Spanish journalist who writes silly articles about the Filipinos
Simoun, the rich jeweler
Isagani, a poet-nephew of Padre Florentino and a lover of
Paulita
Doña Victorina, the ridiculously pro-Spanish native woman who is going to Laguna
in search of her henpecked husband Tiburcio
Padre Sibyla -vice-rector of the University of Santo Tomas Padre Camorra- the parish priest of the town of Tiani
Padre Salvi- thin Franciscan friar and former cura of San Diego
Padre Irene- a kind friar who was a friend of the Filipino students
Padre Florentino-a retired scholarly and patriotic Filipino priest
Synopsis of El FilibusterismoAfter a long time of illness brought about by the bitter loss of Maria Clara, Simoun perfects his plan to overthrow the government. On the occasion of the wedding of Paulita Gomez and Juanito Pelaez, he gives a wedding gift to them a beautiful lamp. Only he and his confidential associates, Basilio (Sisa’s son who joined his revolutionary cause), know that when the wick of his lamp burns lower the nitroglycerine, hidden in its secret compartment, will explode, destroying the house where the wedding feast is going to be held killing all the guests, including the governor general, the friars, and the government officials.
Simultaneously, all the government buildings in Manila will be blown by Simoun’s followers.
As the wedding feast begins, the poet Isagani, who has been rejected by Paulita because of his liberal ideas, is standing outside the house, watching sorrowfully the merriment inside. Basilio, his friend, warns him to go away because the lightened lamp will soon explode.
Upon hearing the horrible secret of the lamp, Isagani realizes that his beloved Paulita was in grave danger. To save her life, he rushes into the house, seizes the lightened lamp, and hurls it into the river, where it explodes.
The revolutionary plot was thus discovered. Simoun was cornered by the soldiers, but he escaped. Mortally wounded, and carrying his treasure chest, he sought refuge in the home of Padre Florentino by the sea.
The Spanish authorities, however, learns of his presence in the house of Padre Florentino. Lieutenant Perez of the Guardia Civil informs the priest by letter that he would come at eight o’clock that night to arrest Simoun.
Simoun eluded arrest by taking poison. As he is dying, he confesses to Padre Florentino, revealing his true identity, his dastardly plan to use his wealth to avenge himself, and his sinister aim to destroy his friends and enemies.
The confession of the dying Simoun is long and painful. It is already night when Padre Florentino, wiping the sweat from his wrinkled brow, rises and begins to meditate. He consoles the dying man saying: “God will forgive you Señor Simoun. He knows that we are fallible.
He has seen that you have suffered, and in ordaining that the chastisement for your faults should come as death from the very ones you have instigated to crime, we can see His infinite mercy.
He has frustrated your plans one by one, the best conceived, first by the death of Maria Clara, then by a lack of preparation, then in some mysterious way. Let us bow to His will and render Him thanks!”
Watching Simoun die peacefully with a clear conscience and at peace with God. Padre Florentino falls upon his knees and prays for the dead jeweler. He takes the treasure chest and throws it into the sea; as the waves close over the sinking chest.
Bradex likes this and others
Cabesa Andang – mother of Placido Penitente Pepay – pretty dancer and mistress of Don CustodioPadre Fernandez – a good dominican friar and friend of IsaganiDon Timoteo – father of Juanito PelaezTano – son Cabesang Tales and brother of JuliChichay – the silversmith who made the bridal earring for Paulita GomezMr. American – owner of the sideshow at the fair of Quiapo exhibiting an Egyptian Mummy. Sandoval – a Spanish student who supports the cause of the Filipino students to propagate the teaching of Spanish
Other Characters
Quiroga – rich Chinese merchantCabesang Tales – father of Juli dispossessed of his land in Tiani by friarsJuli – the lover of BasilioMakaraig – rich and leader of Filipino students in their movement to learn Spanish in the academyPadre Millon – teaches Physics in UST w/o experimentsPlacido Penitente – student of Padre Millon who bacame disoriented bcause of the poor methods of instructionSenor Pasta – old Filipino lawyer who refuses to help Filipino students in their advocacyTandang Selo – grandfather of JuliIsagani – nephew of Padre Florentino and lover of Paulita
FILI NOLI#political novel #Romantic Novel
#work of the head #Work of the heart
#a book of thought #A book of feeling # it contains bitterness, hatred, #It has freshness, pain, violence, and sorrow color, humor, lightness, and wit #38 chapters #64 chapters
#The issue of which is the superior novel. #Noli or the Fili is purely academic#Both are good novels from the point of view of history
#Both depict with realistic colors the actual conditions of the Philippines and the Filipinos during the decadent days of Spanish rule
#Both are instrumental in awakening the spirit of Filipino nationalism #Both are responsible in paving the ground for Philippine Revolution that brought about the downfall of Spain
#El Fili is a true twin of Noli
Believes that Noli is superior:Rizal himselfM.H. del Pilar Retana, Rizal’s 1st spanish biographer
Believes that Fili is superior:Blumentrittt, Graciano Lopez JaenaDr. Rafael Palma
Mariano Ponce “…excellent, I can say nothing…but this: It is really marvelous like all the brilliant productions of your pen. It is true twin of the Noli.”
September 22, 1891 Rizal wrote to Blumetritt saying that he’s thinking of writing a third novel where ethics will play principal role
October 18, 1891 boarded the steamer Melbourne in Marseilles bound for Hong KongDuring the voyage he wrote the third novel in Tagalog in which he intended for Tagalog readersIn Hong kong he continued it, but did not finish it because his Tagalog was inadequate for literary purposesThe unfinished 3rd novel has no title It consists of 44 pages in Rizal’s handwriting
The manuscript is still preserved in the Bureau of Public Libraries
The hero of the novel was Kamandagan, a descendant of Lakan-Dula, last king of Tondo. He plotted to regain the lost freedom of his fathers
It is said that Rizal was fortunate not to finish this novel, because it would have caused greater scandal and more Spanish vengeance on him
Makamisa- a tagalog novel- written in light sarcastic style - incomplete with only 2 chapters- consists of only of 20 pages
Dapitan- written in Ironic Spanish - he wrote it while in Dapitan to depict the town
life and customs
- Consists of 8 pages
Other unfinished novel
A novel in Spanish about the life in Pili, a town in Laguna
- consist of 147 pages- without title
Another unfinished novel of Rizal, also without title, is about Cristobal, a youthful Filipino student who has returned from Europe
- consists if 34 pages
The beginning of another novel are contained in two notebooks. The first notebook contains 31 written pages while the second contains 12 pages- written in Spanish and the style is ironic
#Chapter 19 El Filibusterismo Published in Ghent#Renz Rush #Thank You#End
