The Flapper (1920)

-Certification did not exist in this era.Genre- silent comedySound on film technology was not available , this would attract a mass audience as they will get a sense of the characters more through their body language and acting, making them more able to identify with them, (uses and gratification theory).-Black and white colours are used to appeal to an adult target audience as they will want to identify with the characters as it reminds them of their past.-Simple editing has been used to connote the simple lifestyle people had in the 20s.-Fast pace editing has been used to correlate with the non-diegetic jazz music, this connotes a joyful atmosphere and will offer entertainment for the adult target audience (uses and gratification theory).

-Low angle used of Warren to connote her high class and power this would attract a female audience to watch the film as they will want to identify with her because of her power and class (uses and gratification theory).-Fancy white font is used to connote femininity and pureness which connotes the target audience are females. -Fancy costume is evident in every character connoting there isn’t a lot of difference between characters, this connotes they all live in a rich life which is unrealistic. This will offer escapism for the adult target audience (uses and gratification theory).Mid shots are used mostly to show all the women are wearing the same costume, dresses, this connotes that none of the women are challenging the feminine stereotypes which conforms to the fact that it is an old fashioned film. This will appeal to an adult target audience as it offer information on the way women dresses in the 20’s (uses and gratification theory).

Olive Thomas-Wears white clothing which connotes purity and innocence. Her hair is in ringlets which connotes youth. This will attract a female target audience as they will want to identify with her good looks( uses and gratification theory)

Warren cook-Wears revealing clothing, is an object of desire for a male audience (Laura Mulvey). The heavy make up and classic hair up-do connotes she holds higher class.

Starring

Pollyanna (1920)

Release date: January 18, 1920Certification did not exist

Genre-American comedy

Pollyanna is the protagonist, and is the daughter of Reverend John Whittier. After her fathers death, Pollyanna is sent to live with her Aunt Polly, who doesn’t treat her right.

The black and white colours connote that this film has a sense of mystery as well as comedy, this will offer escapism to the teenage and adult target audience (uses and gratification theory).

High angle shot has been used on Pollyanna to connote that she is vulnerable in comparison to Aunt Polly. This matches the stereotype that adults are more superior compared to children.

As our opening sequence has an element of mystery like this film, we could use black and white colours to connote a foreboding atmosphere.

A teenage target audience may watch this film as they may want to identify with the female protagonists natural beauty(uses and gratification theory)

Black and white colours were still used at this time as they did not have the technology to develop coloured films. This may attract an older target audience as it will offer them escapism from their lives now as they will feel nostalgic whilst watching black and white films , as it was how they watched films as children

Starring

Mary Pickford

L'Age d'Or- The golden age (1930)

Genre: Chick flickRelease date(s)- 29 November 1930Certification did not exist-The film is based around a couples attempt at fulfilling their love for one another, however they are continually stopped by family, church and society.-Colour has began to emerge more into films, this connotes youth and excitement. The use of the colour red connotes that this films will have the theme of love and passion within it. This would attract a female target audience as they would want to identify with the couples relationship, or identify with the female character because of her beauty.

Non- diegetic sound has been used along with the opening titles. The background music is off classical music, this connotes that the film’s genre is love. This is also shown through the fancy opening titles, which connote that the film will be about passion and will appeal to a female target audience as it offers them escapism- uses and gratification theory.Films have this time have developed into using synchronous sound and dialogue, this would attract a mass audience as they will be entertained easier through the characters speech (uses and gratification theory).

Starring

Gaston Modot Lya Lys

This male character would attract a male target audience as they will want to identify (uses and gratification theory) with his superiority. This is shown through the low angle shots used to connote he has class.

This female character will attract a female target audience as they will want to identify with her (uses and gratification theory), as they will want to appear as attractive as her.

City Lights (1931)Genre- American comedyCertification did not existRelease date(s)-January 30, 1931

- The tramp is found sleeping on an unveiled statue , he wonders the streets and comes across a beautiful flower girl, not realising that she is blind. He buys flowers from her and just as she is about to give him back his change a man gets into a car, the blind women thinks it is the tramp, and doesn’t return the change.

- Black and white colour is used to connote that something ominous will occur during this play.

- Instead of word, non- diegetic music is used to create the atmosphere. Fast pace music is used when there is a rise of emotions along with fast pace editing to increase the tension. This will appeal to a target audience of adults as it will offer them escapism from the real world , and will also offer them entertainment (uses and gratification theory)

Charlie Chaplin Virginia Cherrill

Starring

This character will attract a mass audience of teenagers and adults as he offers entertainment (uses and gratification theory).

This female character will attract a male target audience as she is an object of desire to them (Laura mulvey)Black and white colours were still

used at this time as they did not have the technology to develop coloured films. However sound began to emerge in films, this would help in entertaining the adult target audience (uses and gratification theory) as music was used to increase the comedic element.

Our Wife (1931)Genre-comedyCertification not availableRelease date(s)-December 1, 1931

Oliver is making plans to get married to Dulcy, with Stan as his best man, but the marriage is dismissed when Dulcy’s father sees a picture of Oliver and forbids the marriage.

Mid shots were used to connotes that the characters were on the same level as us, meaning they were not off higher class or off lower class.Synchronous sound is evident in this film, classical music and singing from the male protagonist characters is used to exaggerate and connote that this is a comedy film.This film is however black and white, this represents that they did no have the technology to create coloured films. The black and white colours however fit the era as they help in creating the setting classic, as black and white connotes class.

Starring

Laurel and Hardy

The two male protagonists would attract a mass target audience of both genders as they will offer entertainment to them (uses and gratification theory). As well as this they will offer escapism to people who were under great depression from the wall street crash (uses and gratification theory).

Gone with the wind (1940)

Genre- comedyCertification does not existRelease date(s)-December 15, 1939

- Set in 19th century American South, the film tells the story of a woman and her romantic pursuit of a man who is married to his cousin. It is set at the time of the American Civil war.

- Colour is also evident in this film, which shows the progression of technology from the 1920’s. The extravagant costume worn by the female protagonist in this film connotes that they were wealthy. Close up shots are used to show the couples encounter, Wide shots are used to show the setting and the old fancy furniture. This would attract an adult target audience as it would offer them escapism from the real world (uses and gratification theory).

Clark Gable Vivien Leigh, Lady Olivier

Starring

A male target audience will be attracted to watch this film as they will want to identify with this primary characters high class (uses and gratification theory)

A female target audience will be attracted to watch this film, as they will want to identify with the female protagonists good looks (uses and gratification theory).

Colour began to be used in this era however not all film makers immediately created coloured films as it cost more money.

The great dictator(1940)

Genre- American comedy Certification not availableRelease date(s)-October 15, 1940

-Based on a battle in the last months of WW1 . The protagonist ( soldier) is fighting in the army . He hears a fatigues pilot calling for help, the barber attempts to rescue the injured officer.- Black and white colours are still evident to connote it is set in a past era, however now the use of speech has been put into place. Music is still a part of films. Non-diegetic background music of a violin is incorporated into this film to increase the tension. This is followed by a low angle shot used as the protagonist rises from his seat to show his growing power. This will offer an adult target audience identification, as a male target audience will want to identify with the protagonists power (uses and gratification theory).

Charlie Chaplin Paulette Goddard

Starring

This male character will attract a male target audience as they will want to identify with his comedic ability (uses and gratification theory).

This female character will attract a male target audience as she is an object of desire (Laura Mulvey). This can be identified through her red dress which connotes danger, love and passion. Her hair is also neatly curly connotes that she is provocative.

A development of sound has emerged in this era, and music is used to increase pace and create an enigma (Barthes enigma code) for the target audience, thus attracting them to continue viewing the film.

Father of the Bride (1950)

Genre -American comedyCertification not availableRelease date(s)-June 16, 1950-The film is about a fathers struggle as he tries to cope with his daughters upcoming wedding.

-Black and white colours are still used in films, this shows that the progression from 1920’s films to 1950’s is not fast in development. However the black and white could prove likeable to the target audience of adults as they may feel a sense of nostalgia as they are reminded of the only type of film that was available when they were young. They may then be able to socially interact about it with their friends (uses and gratification theory).

Fancy font is used in the titles, along with classical music is used to connote that the genre of love is evident. This is also shown through the bride wearing a very old fashioned wedding dress. An older target audience of females may be able to identify with the image of the dress as it may be similar to the one they had for their wedding (uses and gratification theory).

Spencer Tracy Elizabeth Taylor

Starring

This character will input elements of comedy into the film through being the father character, who struggles to fund for his daughters wedding. This will offer entertainment to the adult and teenage target audience (uses and gratification theory).

This female character will attract a female target audience as they will want to identify with her feminine demeanour (uses and gratification theory). The red colour of her dress and hair connote that she holds sexual power.

This was the era in which 3D movies were introduced into the film industry. This would attract a mass target audience as it was something new and increased the pleasure the audience received from viewing the film (uses and gratification theory).

Born Yesterday (1950)

Genre- ComedyCertification is not availableRelease date(s)-December 26, 1950

The protagonist brings his showgirl mistress with him to Washington, as he attempts to buy a congressman. He hires a journalist to teach his girlfriends and educate her, in doing so she learns how corrupt her boyfriends is .

Black and white colours are used to connote that this film contains elements of a drama, this helps increase the tension and attracts an adult target audience as they may find this entertaining (uses and gratification theory)Bold font is used in the opening titles to connote that is not based on love, this connotes that it is a more serious film and would attract a more serious target audience of adult. This is because they will gain political information from it (uses and gratification theory).

Starring

Judy Holliday Broderick Crawford

This female character would attract a female target audience as they will want to identify with her superior class (uses and gratification theory) shown through her expensive clothing.

This male character would attract a male target audience as they will want to identify with his high authority (uses and gratification theory). This is shown through the low angle used on him, which makes him appear powerful.

Breakfast at Tiffany's (1960)

Genre- ComedyCertification not availableRelease date(s)-October 5, 1961

This films shows the blossoming of a new relationship between, Paul and Holly. One night the two return to Holly’s apartment where she, being in her drunk state, tells Paul she plans to marry Rusty Trawler for his money.

Colour is now evident in films of this era. This film has colour which helps in portraying the characters are wealthier. -The protagonist, Holly, is shown to be wearing a classic and expensive dress with an excessive amount of jewellery. This would attract a target audience of females as they would idolise her and want to identify with her (uses and gratification theory).-A low angle shot accompanied by slow paced classical music help to connote that the protagonist, Holly has power and class and is wealthy. This would attract a male target audience , as they may see her as an object of desire (Laura Mulvey).

George PeppardAudrey Hepburn

Starring

This female character will attract a mass female target audience as they will want to identify with her high class (uses and gratification theory). A female target audience may also be attracted to watch the film as they can gain information about Audrey’s acting skills, as she is a dyer’s star and was a popular actress.

This male character would attract a female target audience as he may be an object of desire to them (Laura Mulvey).

The Apartment (1960)

Genre- ComedyCertification not availableRelease date(s)-June 15, 1960

Calvin Clifford, the protagonist is aiming to climb the corporate ladder. The company then host a Christmas party, where Calvin gets drunk and is seduced by a woman.

-Black and white colours are used to connote that it is set in the past, which connotes that it is historical. This would attract an adult target audience as they would gain information of life in that era (uses and gratification theory).

Jack Lemmon Shirley MacLaine

Starring

A male target audience will be attracted to watch this film as they will want to identify with the intelligent male character (uses and gratification theory).

A male target audience will be attracted to watch this film as they will find the female protagonist as an object of desire (Laura Mulvey).

Coloured films were available at this time however this was expensive in comparison to the cheaper alternative of black and white films .

Beyond the Valley of the Dolls (1970)

Genre- American chick flickCertification not availableRelease date(s)-June 17, 1970

Three young women perform in a rock band, the four travel to LA to find Kelly's strange aunt.

Colour is evident in this film, to connote it is youthful. Up-beat music is used to connote it has an exciting narrative, this would attract a teenager target audience as they would find it entertaining (uses and gratification theory)A teenage target audience of girls will want to identify with the female protagonist and characters as they may idolise their high position in society, or may like their fashion sense ( uses and gratification theory).

Coloured films are more prominent in this era as the film companies have more money to spend on it. This helps in making the film more modern and enables us to get a sense of the characters more, meaning a teenage target audience will be attracted more as they will be able to identify with the characters more now that they know what they look like in colour.

Dolly Read Cynthia Myers

Starring

A teenage target audience of females will be attracted to watch this film as they will be able to identify with the protagonist characters (uses and gratification theory). This will be through the clothes they wear or their personality types. A teenage target audience will also be attracted as they will find it entertaining due to the stereotypically dumb characters used to create comedy (uses and gratification theory).

Love Story (1970)

Genre- Chick flickCertification not availableRelease date(s)-December 16, 1970

This films would attract a teenage target audience of females as they would want to identify with the female protagonist, as she may be happy in a relationship (uses and gratification theory).

A teenage target audience of females would be attracted to the male protagonist, who is shown by a series of close up shots to enable to audience to see his good looks. The female target audience would see him as an object of desire (Laura mulvey) and would therefore be attracted to watch this film as they can socially interact about it to their friends (uses and gratification theory).

Black and white films were still common at this time, however colour began to become more popular as film companies could now afford to fund for the coloured films.

Ali MacGraw Ryan O'Neal

Starring

A teenage target audience will be attracted to watch this film as they will want to identify with the female protagonists relationship with her boyfriend (uses and gratification theory).

A teenage target audience of females will be attracted to watch this film as they may see the male protagonist as an object of desire (Laura Mulvey).

Heaven's Gate (1980)

Genre- chick flick/ comedyCertification no availableRelease date(s)- November 19, 1980

Based on Johnson County war, it shows a fictional dispute between land barons and European immigrants.

This film would appeal to an older target audience as they would gain political information (uses and gratification theory).

The fast pace of the film along with the non-diegetic music used will crease a sense of enigma. This will attract an adult audience as they will find it entertaining (uses and gratification theory).

Christopher WalkenKris Kristofferson

Starring

A teenage target audience may be attracted to watch this film as they may find the male protagonist, an object of desire (Laura Mulvey).

A male target audience may be attracted to watch this film as they may want to identify with this characters high status (uses and gratification theory) which is connoted by the low angle shot used on him.

The Breakfast Club (1985)

Genre- ComedyCertification not availableRelease date(s)-February 15, 1985

This film is based on a group of teenagers who are sent to a club by their parents. They begin by hating each other. However by the end they all become close friends.

A low angle shot is used to connote the bully is superior and cool. A teenage target audience of males may want to identify with this character( uses and gratification theory) and may be attracted to watch the film.

Emilio Estevez Molly Ringwald

Starring

A teenage target audience of males from the 80s would have been attracted to watch this film as they would want to identify (uses and gratification theory)with the rebellious character. This character always wore black leather gloves which connotes danger, a teenage target audience would have wanted to identify with this so may have gone and purchased the same item ( hypodermic needle theory).

A teenage target audience of males may be attracted to watch this film as they may find the female character as an object of desire (Laura Mulvey). This is because of her good looks and ditsy character connoted through the pink clothing.

The production of coloured films became more prominent in the 80´s, institutions were now able to afford the technology to create the coloured films. This would have attracted a mass target audience of teenagers as they would have been able to socially interact with their friends about the film and the new technology used (uses and gratification theory).

Home Alone(1990)Genre- family comedyCertification- URelease date- November 16, 1990

The young male protagonist is left behind by his family when they forget to take him with them on holiday. He is then left to overcome the obstacle of getting rid of the burglars.

A high angle shot is used of the young male protagonist to connote that he is inferior in comparison to the burglars.Non- diegetic Christmas music is used in the background to connote joy and festiveness. This would attract a target audience of children as they would associate the music and snow with Santa.

Films at this era used more technology such as non- diegetic sound affects and background music to increase pace and create an enigma. Celebrity star salaries were a lot higher, meaning the film institution had to spend more money on the cast.

Macaulay Culkin

Starring

A target audience of teenage boys will be attracted to watch this film as they will want to identify with the protagonists clever ways of setting up traps for the burglars (uses and gratification theory).

Pretty Woman(1990)

Genre- comedyCertification-15Release date-March 23, 1990

This film is based around a guy and a girl who meet fall in love and over come some obstacles on the way

The female protagonist may be seen as an object of desire, through the provocative clothing she is wearing-Laura Mulvey. This would attract a target audience of males.

Richard Gere Julia Roberts

Starring

A teenage target audience of females will be attracted to watch this film as they will find the male protagonist as an object of desire (Laura Mulvey). This may be because of the romantic way he treats the female protagonist.

A female target audience of teenagers will watch this film as they will want to identify with this female protagonists good looks (uses and gratification theory).

Getting characters such as Julia Roberts in the film attracted a mass audience as the target audience of teenagers would see her as a star (dyers star theory) and may watch it for the reason that she is a popular actress.

Bridget Jones's Diary(2001)

Genre- ComedyCertification- 15Release date-April 4, 2001

In this film we follow the female protagonist as she is faced with unpredictable attractions to two males.

The female protagonist may attract a teenage target audience of girls as they may want to identify with her popularity and beauty- uses and gratification theory.

Renée Zellweger Hugh Grant

Starring

A teenage target audience of females will be attracted to watch this film as they would want to identify with the protagonists popularity(uses and gratification theory).

A teenage target audience of females will be attracted to watch this film as this character may be an object of desire to them(Laura Mulvey). This may be because of the romantic way in which he treats the female protagonist.

Black and white films were no longer produced as coloured films had taken over. Through the use of colour the narrative was better conveyed as the colours used created connotations, such as red which connotes love.

Love Actually(2003)

Genre- Romantic comedyCertification-15Release date-7 November 2003

This film focuses on the development of different couples and relationships.

The different types of stereotypical characters such as the charismatic character, the shy character and the girls character. These characters would attract a mass target audience as everyone can identify with at least one character in the film.

Hugh Grant

Starring

Laura Linney

A teenage target audience of females will be attracted to watch this film as they may find this male character as an object of desire (Laura Mulvey) and may be a fan of them (Dyer´s star theory).

A teenage target audience of females will want to watch this film as they can get information about the latest clothes trends(uses and gratification theory).

More advanced lighting was developed in 2003, more lighting was used to connote a joyful atmosphere. Non-diegetic sound such as sound affects and background music of pop was used to connote that the narrative is comedy.