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History
The oldest human fossilfound in the Philippines isthe skull cap of a “Stone-age Filipino”, about22,000 years old.
Discovered by Dr. RobertB. Fox, an Americananthropologist of theNational Museum, insideTabon Cave Palawan onMay 28, 1962.
The Negritos
They came during the Paleolithic Age, walking dry- shod through Malay Peninsula, Borneo
The Indonesians
First Sea- Immigrants
They were themaritime Indonesian,who belonged to theMongoloid race withCaucasian affinities
They belonged to theNeolithic Age
The Malays
They belong to the Iron Age Culture
Daring and liberty-loving
Belong to the brown race
Prominent contributions are Ati-atihan Festival, Maragtas Chronicle and the code of Kalantiaw
MusicThe AncientFilipinos hadmusicpracticallyfor alloccasions,for everyphase of life,from birth todeath.
MusicNatives were without a doubt, music- lovers. Each
community had their own sets of musical instruments.In the account of Pigafetta, the official historian ofMagellan Expedition, women from Cebu wereharmoniously playing Cymbals (platiles) Nose flutes, bamboo mouth organ (aphiw) Brass Gong (gansa) Flute (bansic) Long Drum (colibao) Bamboo Harp (subing) Water Whistle (paiyak) Guitar (bugtot) Xylophone (agong) Drum (tugo)
Bamboo Zither
Ethnic Dances andsongs are usuallyaccompanied bychordophonessuch as TANGKOLor Bamboo Zitherof Bukidnon.
Gongs and Drum
The Kulintang or gongs of graduated sizes arranged in a row
Dabakan is a conical drum
Both is from Maranao
ArchitectureThe AncientFilipinos hadfirst dwelt incaves andhas learnedthe art ofarchitectureas they moveand hunt forfood
Lean-to
Early Shelters: Theportable lean-towhich was both roofand wall, suited thelifestyle of thenomadic Negrito.
Tausug House
To the seafaringTausug of Sulu, ahouse built on flat dryland or a site thatslope towards Merccais lucky. The one-room, gabled roofhouse known as baysinug has a separatekitchen accessiblethrough a side porch.
Torogan
This ancestralhouse home ofthe MaranaoSultan or datu hasa soaring, salakot-shaped roof,ornate beams andmassive posts- allproclaimingexalted status
The carved beamis called Panolong
SculptureThe ancientFilipinos hadattained ahigh artisticlevel throughpottery,jewelry andwood-carving.
Bul-ul
Are carved Anitofigures of the Ifugaos
Represents AncestralSpirit and granarygods
Bul-uls are places inrice garanaries as“Guardians of theHarvest”
Sarimanok
Most well-known of the olddesigns
Represents a fowl with wings,feathered tail, and a headdecorated with ornaments ofscrolled and painted motif ofleaves, spirals and feather- likeforms
Usually perched atop abamboo pole, stands amongdecorative flags duringweddings and other festiveoccasions
Hagabi
A wooden chair of the Ifugaos
Made of Narra or Ipil Signifies royalty and
power Only the rich people
can have this chair together with the rituals celebrated after the chair has been made
Manuggul Jar
Banga
Depicts on its lid twoboatmen riding abanca on their wayto the great divide
Used for burial ritesby ancient people inPalawan 890-710 BK
Wood Carving
Ukkil etched oncoral gives a gravedistinctive markerknown as Sunduk
Its Shape indicatesthe sex of thedeceased:hexagonal posts formales and flatcombs for females
Filipino Bawisak Earrings
Traditional IfugaoTribe bead and shellearrings
The bottom shelldesigns have beendescribed as eitherrepresentingbutterflies or acertain item of malegenerative anatomy
Weaving
Weaving means tomake cloth andother objects
Threads or strandsof material arepassed under andover each other
Malong with Okir Designs
The Maranaos calltheir ornamentaldesign Okir, ageneral term forboth the scroll andthe geometricform
Physical Ornaments
Bontoc, Ifugao andKalinga Tribal textileswith a variety ofsilver and brass“Linglingo” FertilityCharms
Tattoos
The Pintados (paintedones), inhabitants ofthe Visayan islands asdescribed by the firstSpaniards to set eyesupon them
They used sharp metalinstruments previouslyheated over fire
Silup
The tattooing imitatedthe upper garmentworn by the men ofNorth Kalinga
The women of SouthKalinga painted theirfaces bright red
Petroglyphs
The AngonoPetroglyphs is theoldest known workof art in thePhilippines
There are 127 humanand animal figuresengraved on therock wall datingback to 3000 B.C.
Literature The early form of literature during pre- Spanish
period was a classified into written or oral. Written
Biag ni Lam- ang (Ilocano Epic) Indarapatra at Sulayman and Bidasari (Muslim Epics) Handiong (Bicolanos)
Oral Maxims (sabi) Bugtong (riddles) Boat Song (talindaw) Victory Songs (tagumpay) Lullaby (uyayi) Wedding Songs (ihiman) War Song (Kumintang)