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Basic Terms for Elements and Principles of Design
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The Elements and Principles of Design
Vocabulary and Example Art Review
Mrs. Olinde Rm. 243West Ouachita High School
Elements of Design
Line TextureValueShapeForm SpaceColor
Elements of Art
The Elements and Principles of Design are the building blocks used to create a work of art. The Elements of Design can be thought of as the things that make up a painting, drawing, design etc. Good or bad - all paintings will contain most if not all, the seven Elements of Design.
ElementLine: Continuous Mark made on some surface by a moving point or the edge created when two shapes meet.
Kinds of LineHorizontal
Vertical
Diagonal
Zig zag
Curved
Variations of LineLength
Width
Texture
Direction
Degree of curve
Variations of LIne
Kinds and Variations of line
Two Main Categories for LineLines may be described in two main categories. Kinds: (5) horizontal, vertical, zigzag, curved and diagonal.Variations (5) width, direction, length, texture and degree of curve
ElementTexture: refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.
Ingres
Princesse de Broglie
1853
Element Value: Describes the lightness or darkness of an object or hue.
Georgia O’ Keefe
Flower
1900’s
ElementShape: A Two dimensional area clearly defined by one or more of the other visual elements
Henri Matisse
Fall of Icarus
1900’s
ElementForm: An object with Three Dimensions-
Michelangelo
Moses
1515
LengthWidth Depth
Element Space : The distance or area between, around, above, below, or within things.
Element Color= three distinct qualities of hue, intensity, and value
Principles of DesignThe different ways the elements can be used in a work of art
BalanceEmphasisHarmonyVariety
GradationMovement
RhythmProportion
Balance
Radial balance means lines or shapes grow from a center
point
Asymmetrical (informal)
balance means each side of an imaginary line
are different yet equal.
Symmetrical (formal) balance means both sides of an imaginary line are the same
Principle Balance = A way of combining elements to add a feeling of equilibrium or stability
Symmetrical Balance- Formal balance in which two halves
of work are identical
Radial Balance- Objects are positioned around a
central point
Asymmetrical Balance- More informal and takes in account
qualities such as hue, intensity, and value, in addition to size and shape to a achieve a “felt” balance.
Careful selections and placement will balance your design.
Grant Wood used near-formal balance in his painting American Gothic to emphasize a kind of formal, iconic presentation. Everything here is solid, grounded, carefully balanced (boring?)–the epitome of solid American values
Principle Emphasis = A way of combining elements to stress the differences between those elements….a Contrast
Vermeer
Girl with the Pearl Earring.
1665
What area is your eye drawn to? Why?
Emphasis
Kandinsky emphasized the large black circle in the upper left corner of his work.
The object is different from everything else in the painting and therefore it "stands out".
PrincipleHarmony= A way of combining similar elements in an artwork to accent their similarities
Henri Matisse
Harmony in Red/La desserte
Spring 1908
What has been repeated in this painting of Sunflowers?
Variety
Variety occurs when an artist creates something that looks different from the rest of the artwork.
Changing a color or size is a variation.
Artists create variety to make artwork more interesting.
Principle Variety = A way of combining elements in involved ways to create intricate and complicated relationships
Kandinsky uses a Variety of lines,
shapes and colors to give this painting interest. He also
overlaps some of these Elements.
Principle Gradation = A way of combining elements by using a series of gradual changes in those elements such as a change from small shapes to large or dark hue to light hue
Georgia O’ Keefe
Flower
1900’s
Gradation: a way of combining elements by using a series of gradual changes in those elements
Movement and RhythmMovement is used to create the
look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer’s eye through out the work of art.
Visual rhythm makes you think of the rhythms you hear in music or dance. Artists create visual rhythm by repeating art elements and creating patterns.
Artists create pattern by repeating a line, shape or color over and over again.
Principle Movement = The principle of art used to create the look and feeling of action and to guide the viewer’s eye throughout the work of art
Edvard Munch
The Scream
1890’s
Principle Rhythm = The careful placement of repeated elements in a work of art to cause a visual tempo or beat
Roy Lichtenstein
1960’s
How is visual rhythm created here?.
Principle Proportion = The principle of art concerned with the relationship of certain elements to the whole and to each other
Proportion is concerned with the relationship of certain elements to the whole and to each other.
While the scale of the painting works because of the perspective of the image, the proportion of the woman is vastly different in size than that of the little boy on the left.