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The Common
Good
2nd CST Principle
-- What is good?
-- Is good really common?
-- Is it good that all bus
companies will be suspended
due to the single horrendous
accident in Tanay Rizal?
-- Is it good to suspend all off-
campus activities due to the
incident in Tanay Rizal involving
Beslink students?
COMMON GOOD
Reading materials:
Compendium of the Social
Doctrine of the Church par
164-184
COMMON GOOD
stems from the
dignity,
unity and
equality of all people
COMMON GOOD
“the sum total of socialconditions which allowpeople, either as groups oras individuals, to reachtheir fulfilment more fullyand more easily”.[346](CST 164)
COMMON GOOD
Keywords:
-- sum total
-- social conditions
-- reach fulfillment
-- more fully/easily
COMMON GOOD
Keywords:
-- sum total
-- social conditions
-- reach fulfillment
-- more fully/easily
Common?
Everyone & Each
Indivisible
Only together can it be
Attained
Increased
safeguarded
Common?
Only together ….
involves all members ofsociety, no one is exemptfrom cooperating,according to each one'spossibilities, in attaining itand developing it (167)
COMMON GOOD
Also known as:
The social and community
dimension of the moral
good. (CST 164)
What is GOOD
--respect for & integral
promotion of the person
and his fundamental rights
HOW TO SECURE
COMMON GOOD1. commitment to peace,
2. the organization of the State'spowers,
3. a sound juridical system,
4. the protection of the environment,
5. and the provision of essentialservices to all,
(CST 166)
HOW TO SECURE COMMON
GOOD
Essential Services= human rights
food, housing, work, education and
access to culture, transportation,
basic health care, the freedom of
communication and expression,
and the protection of religious
freedom
The Principle of Common Good
leads to a new understanding of
the political community.
What is government?
168. The responsibility for attaining
the common good, besides falling
to individual persons, belongs also
to the State, since the common
good is the reason that the political
authority exists[355].
Duty of the government:
harmonize the different sectoral
interests with the requirements
of justice
Universal Destination of Goods
What goods?
Earth’s goods
Universal Destination of Goods
What is the meaning of
universal destination?
Earth’s goods
Universal Destination of Goods
It means: Universal Right to
USE THE GOODS OF THE
EARTH
Do I have right to use the goods of the earth?
YES, I have rights.
The right to the common use of goods is the “first principle of the whole ethical and social order”
(CST 172)
If I have rights to use, can I use it
anytime I want?
Each person must have access to
the level of well-being necessary
for his full development. (CST 172)
The right to use is the problem of access:
Equitable & orderly fashion
Regulation
Interventions for the commongood
Juridical order – adjudicates thespecific use of this right
Subsidiarity
3rd CST Principle
Reading Materials:
Compendium of the Social
Doctrine of the Church par. 185-
191
How do students relate with teachers?
How do teachers relate with
administrators?
In UST, with so many actors, how are
we going to interact with each other?
In the family, how do children & parents
relate with one another?
In a political community, how do the
people and the politicians relate with
one another?
Associations/Relations
family,
groups,
associations,
local territorial realities
Mechanism of associations
economic,
social,
cultural,
sports-oriented, recreational,
professional and
political
Civil Society
sum of the relationships
between individuals and
intermediate social
groupings
Civil Society
????
Individual vs group
Group vs society
Community vs nation
Sector vs community
Civil Society
Problem of Order
Problem of justice
Subsidiarity
a most important
principle of
“social philosophy”
(CST 186)
Subsidiarity (meaning)
“Just as it is gravely wrong to take from
individuals what they can accomplish by their
own initiative and industry and give it to the
community, so also it is an injustice and at the
same time a grave evil and disturbance of right
order to assign to a greater and higher
association what lesser and subordinate
organizations can do. For every social activity
ought of its very nature to furnish help to the
members of the body social, and never destroy
and absorb them”[399].
Subsidiarity (meaning)
Relation of:
individual and group
lower and higher
Subordinate and superior
Double edge-Relation
(1) gravely wrong to take fromindividuals what they canaccomplish by their own initiativeand industry and give it to thecommunity,
(2) injustice and at the same time agrave evil and disturbance of rightorder to assign to a greater andhigher association what lesser andsubordinate organizations can do
Implication
Superior/higher/group
(1) all societies of a superior
order must adopt attitudes of
help (“subsidium”) — therefore of
support, promotion, development
— with respect to lower-order
societies.
Implication
Superior/higher/group
(2) freedom, initiative, autonomy
& responsibility of the individual,
lower, and subordinate should
not be supplanted/deprived
Implication
Democratization & equality of
members
Issues to ponder:
Kung kaya ni mister kaya din ni
misis
Kung kaya ng babae, kaya din ng
lalaki
Implication
No to the ff:
centralization, bureaucratization,
welfare assistance and
to the unjustified and excessive presence of the State in public mechanisms.
Effective
governance/groups/civil
society
respect and effective
promotion of the human
person and the family;
a part” of the political and
social reality of their
country.
Effective
governance/groups/civil
society
ever greater appreciation of
associations and intermediate
organizations in their
fundamental choices and in
those that cannot be
delegated to or exercised by
others;
Effective
governance/groups/civil
society
the encouragement of private initiative so that every social entity remains at the service of the common good, each with its own distinctive characteristics
Effective
governance/groups/civil
society
the presence of pluralism
in society and due
representation of its vital
components;
Effective
governance/groups/civil
society
safeguarding human rights
and the rights of minorities;
bringing about bureaucratic
and administrative
decentralization;
Effective governance/groups/civil
society
striking a balance between the
public and private spheres, with
the resulting recognition of the
social function of the private
sphere;
Effective governance/groups/civil
society
appropriate methods for making
citizens more responsible in
actively “being a part” of the
political and social reality of their
country.
Doctrine of Participation
contributes to the cultural,
economic, political and
social life of the civil
community to which one
belongs
Subsidiarity (on the part of the individual, lower, member)
Subsidiarity (on the part of the
individual, lower, member)
Doctrine of Participation
duty to be fulfilled
consciously by all, with
responsibility and with a
view to the common good[
Can subsidiarity exist in:
Totalitarian
Communist
Dictatorial regimes?
Solidarity4th Principle
Reading Material:
Compedium of the Social
Doctrine of the Church par.
192-196
Basic truths of human existence
intrinsic social nature of the human person, the
equality of all in dignity and rights and the
common path of individuals and peoples
towards an ever more committed unity.
Basic truths of human existence
1) The intrinsic social nature of the
human person,
2) the equality of all in dignity and
rights
3) The common path of individuals
and peoples towards an ever more
committed unity.
Basic truths of human existence
These 3 basic truths
Leads to the 4th principle
SOLIDARITY
The 3 basic truths summarized in the principle of solidarity implies
Interdependence
Interconnectedness
between individual & peoples at every level
The 3 basic truths summarized in the principle of solidarity implies
Interdependence
Interconnectedness
between individual & peoples at every level
Technology??
Did it connect us or separate
us?
Problem of interdependence
(1) inequalities between developed
and developing countries,
(2) inequalities stoked also by
various forms of exploitation,
oppression and corruption locally
and internally
Principle of solidarity
Based on the notion of
interpedence
demands equal and equitable
development for all
Inferences:
1. The increasing gap between developing anddeveloped countries indicates the absence andcontinuing disregard for solidarity.
2. The current global economic and political structurethat allows the developed countries to progressexponentially while impoverishes thedeveloping/under-developed countries clearlyindicate the unequal and unfair treatment to all;some are treated as more humans than others, aclear disregard of the principle of Solidarity
3. As long as there are sectors of society who feelexploited and oppressed clearly indicate that suchsociety violates the principle of solidarity and inter-dependence
Inferences:
1. Furthermore, the principle of interdependence
leads us to the conclusion that a society is
unjust and unfair by the mere presence of the
poor, exploited, marginalized and oppressed.
2. The injustice committed is simply based on the
fact that the structure-the socio-cultural,
economic and political-failed to provide equal
opportunities and development for all.
ethical-social solidarity
It is the inherent responsibility of
the individual/the group/the
community/the state to care,
support, assist, and develop the
poor, the exploited, the
oppressed and the marginalized.
ethical-social solidarity
Why am I oblige?
Under the principle of solidarity
1. Their being poor is partly myresponsibility
2. They are human beings likeme.
3. Most important, they are theimage of God.
ethical-social solidarity
Why am I oblige?
Under the principle of solidarity
1. Their being poor is partly myresponsibility
2. They are human beings likeme.
3. Most important, they are theimage of God.
ethical-social solidarity
Finally, I am obliged because
of the notion of
Debt
Utang-na-loob
to others and to society
The Way to LoveSummary of the principles
Reference reading:
Compendium of the Social
Doctrine of the Church par. 204-
208
The Way of Love
--is the deep bond that links all
the principles
--highest and universal
criterion of the whole of
social ethics.
The Way of Love
It is from the inner wellspring of
love that the values of truth,
freedom and justice are
born and grow.
Love
presupposes and
transcends
justice
WHY? IT IS BECAUSE
1. No legislation, no system of rules
or negotiation will ever succeed in
persuading men and peoples to
live in unity, brotherhood and
peace;
2. no line of reasoning will ever be
able to surpass the appeal of love.
Only LOVE . . .
in its quality as “form of the
virtues”[456], can animate
and shape social interaction,
moving it towards peace in
the context of a world that is
ever more complex.