Hybrid cars have two motors, one electric and one petrol. While they're generally more fuel efficient, do hybrid cars really save you money?

Petrol/electric - mainly powered by a petrol engine, but has a battery which powers an electric motor. The electric motor can drive the car by itself, or in concert with the petrol engine for extra power. The battery is recharged by harvesting energy as the car slows down, or by the petrol engine. Examples here are Toyota's Prius and Camry.

Diesel/electric - same, but uses a diesel engine. Typically only found on larger vehicles. Range Rover Sport hybrid is a good example.

Plug-in hybrid - same again, but you can recharge the battery from an external power source. Examples are the Porsche Cayenne and Panamera hybrids.

Generator - a pure electric-drive car, but also have a small petrol (rarely diesel) engine that cannot drive the wheels, only recharge the battery. This simplifies the car somewhat. Example is the Holden Volt.

While we're on the subject, an EV is an Electric Vehicle, or one powered only by electricity, nothing else. Teslas are the most famous example here.

What's a hybrid like to drive? A good one is no different to a normal car, or only in such a small way as to be almost unnoticeable by the average driver/owner. There is no technical reason why the hybrid need be any slower than a conventional car, handle worse or significantly compromise on load space.

As hybrids are naturally focused on fuel efficiency, carmakers tend to prioritise fuel consumption over handling, for example fitting thin, low-rolling-resistance tyres that are not great for handling, and they don't exactly go overboard on the power either.Interior packaging is very similar to normal cars, as while there is an electric motor that is small and the conventional engine is often a bit smaller that would otherwise be the case. Batteries are hidden out of view too, so the day-to-day compromises are not noticeable for most users.

But does a hybrid make sense if you look at the costs? The short answer it's simple - "depends on your situation" as there's always going to be outliers and unusual factors specific to every owner. However, what we can do here is look at some of the basics which readers can then modify for their own circumstances.

At the moment, hybrids cost more to buy and "may" cost less to run - so from a financial perspective you need to work out how soon, if ever, that additional capital cost will be recouped by lower running costs. Exactly the same maths applies to choosing a diesel car over petrol - higher purchase price, lower fuel consumption.

Given the ever more stringent emissions regulations, and the improving hybrid technology we can certainly expect to see more and more hybrids - there's already around 15 on the Australian market, with more to come. Every car manufacturer, without exception, is focusing on hybrids, electric vehicles and alternative power sources. With that sort of investment we can expect prices to lower, range and efficiency to improve, and hybrids to become the norm. Even off-roaders are embracing hybrid technology, not least because electric power offers superb low-speed control.

All we then need is governments at all levels to wake up and provide incentives to clean cars such as lower registration, free or reduced parking, and lower tax. That'll help make them more cost-effective, and despite what they say, consumers buy cars with their hip pockets.

So to see what sort of savings could be generated we took a look at the Toyota Camry, which comes in four trim levels, three of which have hybrid options. The base stats are:

Conventional cars HybridAltise Atara S, SL Altise Atara S, SL

Example driveaway cost $28,990 $31,990 $32,990 $34,990

Engine 2.5L 133kW / 231Nm 2.5L 135kW / 235Nm2.5L 118kW / 213Nm +

105kW electric. Combined maximum 151kW

2.5L 118kW / 213Nm + 105kW electric. Combined

maximum 151kW

Dimensions (mm) 4850mm l, 1520mm w, 1200mm h

Weight (kg) 1460kg - 1505kg 1575kg 1610kg

Extra urban 6 6 4 4

Urban 10.9 10.9 5.7 5.7

Combined 7.8 7.8 5.2 5.2

Co2 g / 100k 183 183 121 121

Fuel tank 70L 65L

Towing 1200kg braked / 500kg unbraked

1200kg braked / 500kg unbraked 300kg 300kg

Drag coefficient 0.29 0.29 1.27 1.27

The stats show the vehicles are very similar. As you'd expect, the hybrid weighs a bit more, and has a smaller petrol engine as there's an electric to back it up. The hybrid is also marginally more aerodynamically efficient. It can't tow as much as the normal car, really not much more than a box trailer. Empty.

So what does this mean for your running costs? Here's the analysis:

Conventional cars HybridAltise Atara S, SL Altise Atara S, SL

Fuel cost $1,758 $1,758 $1,172 $1,172Co2 25.62 25.62 16.94 16.94Analysis - -Buy price difference $4,000 $3,000Fuel cost reduction per annum (1) - - -$586 -$586Co2 reduction (kg) - - -8.68 -8.68Years to pay off - - 6.8 5.1

According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, 14,000km is the average mileage. We've added 15% to the combined fuel consumption figures to better reflect real-world use.As you can see, the hybrid will pay for itself in fuel, after about 5 to 7 years, based on that usage pattern. If you do a lot of freeway driving your savings won't be as great, but more if you spend time in slow city traffic.And of course the greater your annual mileage, the greater the savings.

Things to consider – other than fuel

Capital costs. In this case, you're spending an extra $3000 or $4000. On a loan, that means greater interest payments. Or if you bought cash, you could invest the money or use it on a home loan, or otherwise make it work for you. In a car, that money is just depreciating;Resale. Hybrids typically don't have a great resale value, and depreciation is a huge part of running costs;

Things to consider – other than fuel

Servicing. Will your hybrid be as cheap to service as a normal car, or as easy to fix? Servicing is not a big difference as the hybrid systems are simple and reliable, but hybrids add complexity to a car, and complexity is never cheap to fix. Servicing is often slightly higher for hybrids;Tyres - hybrids are heavier which means tyres wear out quicker, but in reality the difference is negligible so need not be considered;Registration - hybrids do not yet attract any form of registration discount;

Things to consider – other than fuel

Brakes - hybrids are heavier, so go through brake consumables quicker, right? Wrong! Hybrids slow down by regeneration, so if anything they are easier on the brakes than a normal car. But an average driver does not replace their brakes every year;Parking - Australia hasn't really got into offering discounts for hybrids just yet; andInsurance - hybrids are pretty much the same to insure as a conventional car.

The Bottom LineA hybrid only starts to make financial sense if you drive enough low-speed kilometres per year to offset the higher purchase price, and the larger the car, the greater the savings. For example, the Prius costs around $26k on the road, and a Yaris can be had for under $20k. You are very unlikely to ever see a financial return on the Prius, but with the larger Camry and a less significant price difference it may work. But for many owners, the sums will never add up.

The Bottom LineA hybrid will never cost as little as a conventional car, simply because a hybrid has all of the complexity of a conventional car plus additional components, in the same way that diesel engines are more complex than petrol and therefore more expensive. The only way hybrids would become cheaper to buy is if economies of scale kicked in such that demand for hybrids was so great the cost difference was reduced or even eliminated, but that won't happen until the overall cost of ownership is significantly lower - something that can only be achieved by government action to reduce hybrid running costs.