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PHONETICSStudy of the physical properties of speech-sounds– how they are made – how they are heard– how they are transmitted
PHONOLOGYStudy of the linguistic properties of speech-sounds – how they function in language
Articulatory Phonetics
Auditory Phonetics
Acoustic Phonetics
Articulatory Phonetics
Auditory Phonetics
Acoustic Phonetics
phonesphonemesallophones
phonesphonemesallophones
phonessounds of language
Segments• How thin can you slice language?
• sentence
• phrase
• word
• syllable
• letter ... ?
Letters ?
cat rat
cat cot
cat cap
minimal pair
Letters ?cat coat caught
k V tcodekeyed
k V dright write rite
r V t
Segments• How thin can you slice language?
• sentence
• phrase
• word
• syllable
• letter ....... phone
phonessounds of language
phonesphonemesallophones
cat ratcat cotcat cap
top stoplip milkcode cold
minimal pairs
cat ratcat cotcat cap
top stoplip milkcode cold
significant
non-significant
predictable
non-predictable
meaning
structure
cat ratcat cotcat cap
top stoplip milkcode cold
PHONEMES
ALLOPHONES
phonessounds of language
• phonemessignificant sound differences
• allophonesnon-significant sound differences
phoneme
allophone
/ /
[ ] [ ]
phoneme
allophone
Usually, of course, the different ALLOPHONES of the same PHONEME are all similar to each other - they form a FAMILY of sounds. But we mustn't fall into the trap of thinking that ALLOPHONIC difference is small while PHONEMIC difference is large. There is actually no real difference between these differences! We can see this by the fact that the same difference can be allophonic in one language, and phonemic in another.
from http://www.hi.is/~peturk/KENNSLA/02/TOP/phonemes.html
seat sheet
massivemachine
basic nation
She is fine as morn in May,mild, divine and clever.Like a shining summer’s dayshe is mine for ever.
Sr. Sigurður Norland í Hindisvík
Mitsubishi
Subaru
phoneme
allophone
MitsubishiSubaru
this theatre
think this thought
þ ð þ
þessi þýðing
þessi þýðing
