3 solid dosage forms

QUALITY CONTOL AND QUALITY ASSURANCEOF VETERNERY DOSAGE FORMS

3- SOLID ORAL DOSAGE FORMS:

3.1-TABLETS:

Tablets are solid preparations each containing a single dose of one or more active ingredients and

usually obtained by compressing uniform volume of

particles, some are prepared by molding.They are usually prepared by the aid of some

pharmaceutical excipients (additives) to:

- help in tableting procedure.

- ensure that the drug will be released as intended.The term ''tablet'' (from the Latin tabuletta) is

associated with the appearance of the dosage form i.e. tablets are small disc-like or cylindrical

specimens).{ N.B. In European Pharmacopoeia, tablets are called"compressi" which reflect the

method of preparation.}

Most tablets are used for oral administration of drugs,others are administered sublingually,

buccaly or vaginally.

Advantages of tablets:

In U.K. Tablets represents about 46% of all other dosage forms.

1- Compared to liquid dosage formschemical and physical stability

2- Packaging in blister packs can also enhance thestability of tablets.

3- They provide ancontent variability

N K B R COLLEGE OF PHARMACY AND RESEARCH CENTRE,MEERUT Page 25


4- Low manufacturing cost.

5- Easy to package and ship.

6- Simple to identify. (or stamped to aid tablet recognition

7- Manufacturing processes and techniques can provide tablets special propertiesexample enteric coatings

formulations.

Disadvantages of tablets as a dosage form:

1- Poor bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs or poorly absorbable drugs.

2- Some drugs may cause local irritation effect harm GI mucosa.

3- Some drugs resist compression into tablet.

4- Difficulty in swallowing in some patients; pediatrics and geriatrics.

5- In emergency cases, intravenous or intramuscular injections are more effective.

3.2-Classification of tablets:

3.2A- According to drug release rate from the ta classification):

a- Immediate release (Conventional) tablet.

b- Modified release tablet (Extended and Delayed release tablet).

3.2B- According to method of manufacturing:

a- Compressed tablet.

b- Molded tablet. forms, tablets possess accurately measured dose and

of the unit dose.Coatings can be colored recognition)

3.2A- According to drug release rate from the tablet (USP classification):

a- Immediate release (Conventional) tablet:The tablet is intended to be released rapidly after

administration, or the tablet is dissolved and administered as solution. It is the most common

type and includes:



Disintegrating tablet

Chewable tablet

Sublingual tablet

Buccal tablet

Effervescent tablet

b- Modified-release tablet:

They have release features based on; time, course or location. They must be swallowed intact.

Modified-release tablet

1-Extended-release tablet 2- Delayed-release tablet

Drug release is delayed due to physiological conditions e.g. pH (a lag period followed by normal

release). The best example is enteric coated

tablets; the drug is released in the upper part of the small intestine after which the preparation has

passed the stomach.If the drug is sensitive to acid, or is irritant to the stomach lining, an

entericcoating can be used.Allowing the reduction in dosing frequency.

3.2B- According to method of manufacturing:

a- Compressed tablet:

It is obtained by compressing uniform volume of particles using "Tablet compression machine".

It's used for large scale production.

Tablet compression machine



b- Molded tablet:

Molding means shaping and hardening of semi-solid mixture of drug and excipients. It is

obtained using "tablet mold". It is restricted for small-dose tablet and small-scale production.

Tablet mold


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3 solid dosage forms