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INTERVENTIONS In Viana we have investigated how water, as
a public right, can act as a spatial and social organizer, framing the Angolan urban life.
THE INTERVENTIONSTURNING PROBLEM INTO RESOURCE
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NATURA
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HUMIDITY CATCHERS
ADD-ON GRIDS
WATER TREATMENT- & WIND-TOWER
ACTIVE DRAIN & STORM-WATER POCKET
TH
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#1INTERVENTION
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DRAINAGETHE CURRENT SITUATION IN VIANA
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resulting in erosion and poor road quality seeing where water naturally collects
DRAINAGE AND WATER MANAGEMENT ARE HUGE CHALLENGES OF LUANDA, CAUSING PROBLEMS FOR THE CITY FLOW, AS WELL AS FOR SAFETY AND WELL-BEING OF THE POPU-LATION -ESPECIALLY IN THE INFORMAL AREAS.
WATER FINDSIT’S OWN WAYS
resulting in a layer of green and in bigger scale
drainage ditch in the middle of the road different levels of ground
...BUT CAN ALSO BE ADAPTED
drainage ditch through informal residential area rounded stones cobble stone vegetation(earth) / soft ground
...OR HELPED TO GET THROUGH THE URBAN SURFACE
different levels of ground
OPEN WATER LINES ARE CLOSELY RELATED TO WASTE
:VIANA NATURAL DRAINAGE/ WASTE DITCH
ACTIVE DRAIN AND STORM-WATER POCKET
DRY SEASON LOW WATER STAND DRAIN
HIGH WATER STAND POCKET
LOW WATER STAND POCKET
THE WATER-POINT
RAIN SEASON HIGH WATER STAND DRAIN
Houses gets an extended platform outside and creates a meeting-place between the public and private.
By making the drain a socially accessible space, its users will feel a sense of ownership and responsibility and engage in the maintenance of the area, preventing it from becoming a dump.
The slope is vegetated for erosion control. People in the neighborhood can use this fertile earth for small-scale farming.
OPEN INFRASTRUCTUREAN URBAN ECOLOGY
COMMON DRAINAGE TUBE SYSTEM
Limited capacity leads to uncontrolled surface water
No accessFLOODINGLITTLE WATER
OPEN DRAINAGE SYSTEM
The open drainage system allows a VARIETY OF SPATIAL QUALITIES,TURNING THE PROBLEM INTO AN ACCESSIBLE RESOURCE
Flood pockets for seasonal rain. Allows for a new way of using the space and the water resource
Protect and access the little waterFLOODINGLITTLE WATER
Over-engineered drainage channel. Example from Luanda.
POCKE
T
drainage canal
drainage canal
This locally found material is a good filter material, and makes beautifaul paving.
The locally grown sisal plant is suitable for making organic mesh which can be laid as a blanket in the drainage slopa for erosion control. Vegetation is allowed to grow through is, and the roots of the plants is a helping hand in preventing erosion.
OPEN INFRASTRUCTURE
Local production at site Nylon bags filled with sand is something we found already in use in Viana. Yet, the bags need to be protected from sun and wear.
Little investment -
Gabon boxes are great building bricks, and can be locally produced.
Stone is an optimal filter material for blocking larger obstacles to enter the water system. The gabon carpet is efficient for preventing erosion.
Gabon boxes can be filled with other material as well, such as recycled plastics, old concrete and bricks, and much more.
The unlimited resource of the red sand Example of stacked sand bags
THE SOCIAL STREET
THE PAVEMENT ELEMENT
THE LOGIC OF THE PLACE
DRAIN AND FILTER MATERIALS
Fill-in with locally found materialsSimple framework Stabilized by each other. Can be laid irregularly to fit different contexts.
Functions as erosion control for the drain, and provides spatial qualities and a social arena.
“This is the local referance”
LOCAL INSPIRATION: The Embondeiro treeThe Embondeiro is called the Tree of Life, and can hold as many as 4,5 thousand litters of wa-ter. In sub-Sahara people used to hollow out baobab trees to use as reservoirs for the rain-water falling in the wet season.
TH
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WITHIN 10 MINUTES WALKING DISTANCE
WATER-POINT AS A SOCIAL ARENA
The water-point is always filled with people. It’s where everyone from the neighborhood gather, chat and make connections. You could say it’s a very important social arena.
THE WATER TOWER
FILTER TANKWater moves through layers of sand and rocks and charcoal.
FRESH WATER TANKWater is here being disinfected with chlorine (an element that occurs naturally in salts). Potable water is here ready for use. The tank has a 42 hour storage capacity.
GREY-WATER TANKWater from the surrounding humidity catchers are collected here and stored, ready to be pumped up into the filter-tank.
STORM-WATER TANKStorm-water during rain season is collected here after going through the storm-water pocket. The tank varies in size (depth) depending on the capacity for the surrounding area to collect storm-water.
TOWER STANDARD CONSTRUCTIONAllows for mass-production which makes the tower economically achievable. The construction meeting ground-floor has a slightly different aesthetic than the above, with high ceiling and openness, creating a sense of public space.
OUTER SKINUnique form in each location., giving the tower a local identity. Possibility of using local materials in a new way, encouraging local skills and know-how in favour of imported techniques.Construction is plugged on to the inner loadbearing construction of the tanks.
FRESH WATER OUTLETA space for social gathering.
SPILL-WATER COLLECTORWater moving through porous floor and filter, into grey-water tank underneath.
FOUNDATION STANDARD CONSTRUCTIONFoundation below ground level. The standard construc-tion allows for mass-production and is economically efficient.The structure incapsulates the grey- and storm-water tanks.
THE WATER-POINT PERFORMANCES
The tower is a visual element because of its height and recognizable structure. It’s a natural meeting place and a part of the open, public floor.
The water tower makes a shaded, public space, while p.v. panels on the top provides a lighted place at nighttime.
180 m2 pv solar panels, 150 W/m2/h gives an average of (7 hours a day) 190 000 W each day. Water pump needs 740W/h.
THE WATER POINT A VISUAL ELEMENT MEETING PLACE AND PUBLIC FLOOR GIVING SHADE PV. SOLAR PANELS FOR LIGHT A WINDTOWER AND CONNECTOR
Because of it’s natural elevation, the water tower can be constructed as a wind tower, cooling the space underneath it.
The tower may also connect to different public programs, serving as a stairwell and generator.
The water tower captures gray-water and purifies it into public drinking water.
Each tower can hold 50 000 liters of clean water, and 50 000 liters of grey water.
WATER FILTER STATION
The technical build-up of the tower’s elements.In every water-point the bearing inner construction of the tower is identical and thus recognizable, while the variable outer skin is place-specific and makes out a local reference.
LOCAL IDENTITY & SOCIAL SPACE
The skin incapsulates the geometric tower with a dynamic form. The material and building technique of the skin can be varied at each location, creating a place-specific identity and a point of reference.The outer facade creates an air-shaft for ventilation and cooling, as well as it provides with shade. A temperate, comfortable civic space is formed within the tower.
Filter
Fresh Water Tank
Fresh Water Outlet
Manual PumpHere water is pumped by the person
ReuseWater is pumped back into the storm-water pocket when needed during dry season
Grey-Water Tank
Spill-Watergoing into grey-water tank underneath in order to be reused
Storm-Water Tank
Ground-Water Reserve
A
B
C
Filter 1Sand filter
Filter 2Large stones filter out larger obstacles.
Luanda
Cabinda
Malanje
HuamboBenguela
ANGOLA CURRENT
ANGOLA DOME
BENGUELA COASTAL CURRENT
ANGOLA BENGUELA FRONT
SOUTH EQUATORIAL COUNTER CURRENT
SOUTH EQUATORIAL CURRENT
EQUATORIAL UNDERCURRENT
Lubango
Liquid
Droplets
Liquid
Gas
Gas
Space for social gathering with dry steps when water is low.
C. Vegetation pond with purifying plants.
Walking steps creating access to the vegetation ponds.
B. Wash basin when low water stand, and buffer when pocket is filled to maximum during storm-rain.
A. Rotation pump allows people to manually refill the wash basins and irrigation fields with water from the storm-water tank when needed.
WATER FLOW DIAGRAM
LUANDACombination of currents wind, typography and an arid cli-mate makes Luanda ideal for humidity harvesting.
Luanda lies on one of the driest parts of Angola. The city is pinned against the coast by a high range of cliffs and moun-tains that separate the interior plateou from the ocean.
EVAPORATIONHeat from the sun warms the surface of the water.Some particles of water change state, from a liquid to a gas, due to energy (or heat) from the sun.These particles, called water vapour, then rise into the air.
CONDENSATIONThe water vapour rises as it is warmer than the surrounding air. Air becomes cooler at high altitudes. This cools the water vapour down which causes it to change state back to a liquid. The water particles be-gin to ‘stick’ to each other, forming clouds of droplets.
HUMIDITY HARVESTINGNets made from nylon mesh oriented towards the direction of the prevailing wind will catch about 50 % of the water par-ticles in the humid air. The nets perform best standing vertical, elevated above the ur-ban dwellings.
ACTIVE DRAINReceives water year round from the hu-midity cathers, and rainwater during wet season.
Water from the drain is channeled towards the water tower for purification.
STORM-WATER POCKETReceives rain-water duiring wet season, and holds capacity for maximum amount of storm-water. The pocket change character in tact with the seasons, and functions as a space for social gathering around the usage of water.
COLLECTIONThe water is collected for public use.
WATER TOWERThe water tower is a filter station for water collected from surrounding nets, the drain nerve and rain.Water is here cleaned to potable water, and the wa-ter-point becomes a space for social gathering.
