Hydrochloric Acid Sodium Hydroxide

When we think of acids and bases we tend to think of science labs and chemicals…but did you know

Acids cause:

•Lemons to be sour

•Acid rain to eat away at sculptures

•Framed paintings to be damaged

•Cavities in your teeth

•Food to digest in your stomach

•Ants and bees use it to sting

Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases

Properties of Acids and Bases

Acids turn blue litmus red taste sour Acids corrode metals positively charged hydrogen ions (H+)

Bases turn red litmus blue taste bitter Negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH–) Feel slippery Most hand soaps and drain cleaners are bases Strong bases are caustic

Understanding the pH Scaleo pH stands for (presence of Hydrogen)o Numbered from 0 to 14.

o The lower the pH number – the higher Acido That means more Hydrogen Ions (H+)

o The higher the pH - the higher the Baseo That means less Hydrogen Ions (H+)

Acids and Bases

Animated explanation

Electrolytes

Mixture of chemicals that use H+ ions to conduct an electrical current.

Fluid that regulates the flow of nutrients into and waste products out of cells.

Where to find Electrolytes Car battery

Lemon Pickle

Several Types of Acids Hydrochloric Acid.

Stomach acid - has the sour taste of acid.

Acetic Acid An ingredient in vinegar.

Citric Acid Citrus fruits such as lemons, grapefruit, oranges, and

limes have citric acid in the juice.

Lactic Acid Sour milk, sour cream, yogurt, and cottage cheese

have lactic acid.

Strong Acids Nitric acid (HNO3)

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)

Strong Acids are acids that has many hydrogen ions

(many H+). 

Weak Acids

Weak acids Are acids that have fewer hydrogen ions (fewer

H+).

Examples acetic acid boric acid

sea-water, in plants and especially in fruits carbonic acid

Found in our blood citric acid

Properties of Bases

Turn red litmus

taste bitter

Negatively charged hydroxide ions (OH–)

Feel slippery

Bases neutralize acids

Poisonous and can cause severe burns

Strong Bases are Caustic.

Some Common Bases

Ammonia The most widely used base Used in household cleaning materials Used as fertilizer

Calcium hydroxide Used  to make mortar and plaster Used to help neutralize acid soil

Sodium hydroxide One of the strongest bases Used in oven cleaners and drain cleaners

Strong Bases Strong bases

Are bases that produce many hydroxide ions (OH-) when it is dissolved in water.

Are Caustic

Examples Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

Weak Bases

Weak bases Are bases that produce few hydroxide ions

(OH-) when it is dissolved in water..

Examples Aluminum hydroxide

Quiz - Acids and Bases

1. Please list two properties of Acids.2. Please list two properties of Bases.3. True or False A strong Acid has many

OH- 4. Please name one type of Acid5. Why should you wear gloves when using

strong Bases?