A Partner of

Agricultural Water Management Technology Expansion and Impact on Crop Yields in Northern Burkina Faso (1980-

2010): A Synthesis of Various Evidence

Barron , J., Morris, J., Ouedraogo, I. this work is based on the V1 ‘Targeting and scaling out’ project led by SEI in partnership with INERA, University of Ouagadougou, CSIR-SARI

and KNUST, and the FP7 WHaTeR project in cooperation with Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University and INERA

Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta

MAIN MESSAGES• Multiple evidence of province-scale adoption rates of at least 20-

40%, and a minimum of 10-20 % in other provinces with >700 mm since 1990s

• Regional cereal yields and adoption of soil water conservation and small reservoir expansion have with similar rates of increase (ca 3%)

• The causality at scale between agricultural water management adoption, crop yields and poverty /food security impacts needs further evidence

• There are multiple methods to develop knowledge on adoption of AWM technologies, but current data is not summarised for efficient use in research or policy

Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta

BACKGROUND Parts of Sudano-Sahel and Sahel have + 10 years of ‘re-greening –land degradation debate: are landscapes changing by climate or by humans? And in which direction?

Douxchamps et al (2012): Little systematic evidence about successful scaling out of AWM technologies

Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta

PURPOSE of STUDY

Quantify the areal extent of AWM adoption at sub-national scale (region) in northern Burkina Faso

Assess the impact of AWM expansion on crop production and poverty (causal link)

Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta

APPROACH

Different sources of data:National statistics (agricultural census)Remote sensing analysis (ASTER)Peer-reviewed and grey literature

Collation to region level, comparison of trendlines of normalised data

Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta

1. RESULTS: Remote sensing (2006 ASTER data)

Ouahigouya (%) Kaya (%)Settlement 2 0Vegetation cover 40 32Water body 1 1Bare soil 2 6SWC/WHT 32 30Cropland 24 31

Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta

2.RESULTS: Literature

MAPS of current setting

Table 4: Summary of the area of SWC measures in use, extracted from peer-reviewed and grey literature Time period Area of SWC

reported, total (ha)Provinces covered in project/ report

Area of SWC reported, weighted per region (ha)

% SWC reported of cultivated area, per region

Literature source - SWC

1983 - 1989 8 000Stone bunds

Yatenga 8 000 4.54 Critchley & Graham 1991; Atampugre 1993

1988 - 2003 89 600Stone bunds

Bam; Namentenga; Sanmatenga; Passore; Yatenga; Zondoma; Boulkiemde; Sanguie

Centre-Nord: 32 990Nord: 36 308 Centre-Ouest: 20 302

Centre-Nord : 11.6%Nord : 11.2%Centre-Ouest : 5.2%

IFAD 2004, Intermediate report

1988 – 2004 60 000 Stone bunds, zai,

earth dams

Bam, Kourwéogo, Oubritenga

Centre-Nord: 28 840Plat.-Central: 31 160

Centre-Nord: 10.1% Plat.-Central: 19.0%

PATECORE 2004, Final report

1970 - 2011 30 000 – 60 000 (estimated)

Zai

Northwestern Burkina Faso – Nord? Yatenga mostly

Nord: 9 – 18% Sawadogo, H. 2011

2004, 2006 No area givenzai and stone bunds

Tougou, Yatenga 49-60% of farmers use SWC on at least one field

Barbier et al (2009)

1970 - 2009 200 000 – 300 000All SWC

Central Plateau – Nord, Centre-Nord, others ?

33 – 39% Reij et al. 2009

Mid 1980s - 2005

100 000 Stone bunds

Northern part of Central Plateau – Nord only?

31% Reij, C, Tappan, G. & Belemvire, A. 2005

2003 130 000 Central Burkina Faso Pretty, J.N, J.I.L Morison, R.E Hine 2003

* The report on the Agricultural Survey 2004/2005 is the latest report available online, and therefore was used for all the publications from 2004 onwards.

Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta

3.RESULTS: Census

25

36

25

28

1815

Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta

4. RESULTS: yield curves 1986-2012

Slope: ~0.03 – 0.04r2: ~0.7-0.8

Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta

4. RESULTS: yield curves 1986-2012Sahel Nord Centre-Nord Plateau-Central

1984 1994 20041984 1994 2004

Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta

LESSONS• Better knowledge on AWM in use is needed for

setting research and development agenda

• There is knowledge but not synthesised in an accessible form

• AWM technology in use beyond documented cases

• More work on causality pathways between AWM Food security and poverty alleviation is needed to scale

Andes • Ganges • Limpopo • Mekong • Nile • Volta

We thank all contributors: VBDC colleagues, and FP7 WHaTeR colleagues

funders