Benzene argus - modified bitumen presentation

By NARAYANAN ELLANGO B.Eng, M.Sc (Eng)

www.benzeneinternational.com

Benzene International Pte Ltd, Singapore

ARGUS ASIAN BITUMEN 2011SINGAPORE

POLYMERMODIFIEDBITUMENAN INTRODUCTION:

SIMPLYBITUMEN+MODIFIER=MODIFIEDBITUMEN

DevelopmentsinthemanufacturingprocessofPolymerModifiedBitumen(PMB)areconstantlyincreasingtheendperformanceofroadandasphaltsurfaces.ModifiedBitumenhasbeenusedforover30yearsandwasintroducedinthe80’s.Manufacturesarecontinuallystrivingtoimprovetheperformancethroughtighterqualitycontrolsandadvancedmanufacturingprocessesemployed.Manylocalauthoritiesnowrecommendtheuseofaminimumof10%modifiedbitumenwhichresultsinlongerlastingroadswithbetterperformance.

Awell-engineeredbindercanbethedeterminingwhetherabitumenproductwillperformundertherigoursofmoderndaytrafficconditions.

Throughresearchandcalculatedstatisticsofincreasedoveralltrafficvolumes,tirepressures,heavyaxleloadings,speedoftraffic,environmentalandclimatechangesandconcerns,havedemandedinnovativeroadconstructiondesignsandmaterialstobeutilised.

Polymerswereintroducedtobitumentomodifyitsoriginalbehaviour.Theytypeandquantityofpolymeradded,thebasedbitumenbinderusedandtheproductiontechniqueusedwillgreatlyinfluencetheendperformancecharacteristicsofthemodifiedbitumenproduced.Abalancebetweentheviscosityandelasticspropertiesofabinder,canbefound,controlledandachievedbyusingthecorrectbasebitumenandpolymer.


WHATAREPOLYMERS?

DEFINITION:Anyofnumerousnaturalandsyntheticcompoundsofusuallyhighmolecularweightconsistingofuptomillionsofrepeatedlinkedunits,eacharelativelylightandsimplemolecule.

•Verylargemolecules

•Madeupofsmallermonomers

•Commonbothinnatureandeverydaylife

•Firstsyntheticpolymerscreatedaround1910

•Varyingmoleculesandlengths



KRATONPOLYMERSThemaingradesusedinbitumenapplicationsare:

Kraton D1184polymerandKRATOND1186polymerarethe industrybenchmarkpolymersKraton D1101polymerforexceptionallowtemperatureperformanceKraton G1650polymerforthoseapplicationsthatrequireoutstandingheatandoxidationresistancesuchashotmoppingasphaltbinders.Kraton D1118polymerforimprovedflowofself-adhesiveproductsKraton Dpolymer based on isoprene forincreasedtackinself-adhesiveproducts,alsoatlowtemperatures.

HIGHSHEARMIXERSHighshearmixersgrindthepolymerwhileimmersedinthebitumen.Thepolymerismixedintothebitumenandpassedthroughthehighshearmixer,tocuttheparticlesintosmallpieces.Thesizeofthepiecesisinfluencedbythegapwidthbetweenthestatorandtherotor.Decreasingsize,increasesthespecificsurfacearea,speedinguptheabsorptionoftheoilycomponentsinthebitumen.

Theabsorptionofoilycomponentssoftensthepolymerparticles,andallowsshearforcesinthehighshearmixertotearandstretchtheseparticles,furtherincreasingthespecificsurfacearea.Eventuallythisshouldresultinahomogeneousdispersionofthepolymerthroughoutthebitumen.


ADVANTAGESOFUSINGMODIFIEDBITUMEN:

•HigherResistancetoDeformationatHighTemperature•EnhancedDeformationResistancetoLowTemperatureCracking•ImprovedTemperatureSusceptibility•ImprovedAgingResistance•ImprovedAdhesionbetweenAggregateandBinder•HigherFatigueLifeofMixes•DelayinThermal/ReflectiveCracking•OverallExtendedPavementSurfaceLife•SavingsinTotalRoadLifeCosting.•ImprovedBinderFilmThickness•ImprovedCohesion•ImprovedWorkability•ImprovedFuelResistance•ImprovedWaterResistance•NotdetrimentaltobasicpropertiesofBitumenandEnhancesthem.


1.00E+00

1.00E+01

1.00E+02

1.00E+03

1.00E+04

1.00E+05

1.00E+06

1.00E+07

1.00E+08

0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

MO

DU

LUS

TEMPERATURE °C

EFFECT OF POLYMERS

50 pen bitumen

Plastomer Modified bitumen

Elastomer Modified bitumen


1E+02

1E+03

1E+04

1E+02 1E+03 1E+04 1E+05

MICRO

STR

AIN

CYCLESTOFAILURE

EFFECTSOFPOLYMERS

Unmodified

PlastomerModified

ElastomerModified


Fig 1.0.Severe rutting on a road built with Unmodified Bitumen, after just two years since

completion.

Fig 2.0.Roads built with Modified Bitumen can have a lifespan of over 6 years.

ADVANTAGES OF USING MODIFIED BITUMEN


UNMODIFIEDBITUMENBINDERUSEDFORROADSURFACE

MODIFIEDBITUMENUSEDFORTHINNERROADSURFACE


TYPESOFPOLYMERMODIFIEDBINDERSThePerformanceGraded(PG)Systemisamethodofmeasuringasphaltbinderperformance.ThissystemwasintroducedintheUSAandoriginallydevelopedduringtheStrategicHighwayResearchProgram(SHRP)intheearly90’s.TheSuperpave™performancegrading(PG)specificationclassifiesasphaltbindersintoperformancegradesthatchangeat6°Cintervalsaccordingtotheserviceclimate.ExamplesofPolymerModifiedBitumenareHighImpactPerformanceGradeBitumenPG76-10 andPG82-10,bothcanwithstandthetoughestconditionsandiscreatedwithahighresistancetostrongshearingforces.Thistypeofmodifiedbitumeniscommonlyusedonracetracks,railwaytracksandairstripsduetoincreasedresistancetofuelspillage.Thisspecialistgradeofbitumenisoftenconsideredasmuchmoreexpensive,butinthelongrunwilloffersignificantcostsavingsduetolowermaintenancecosts.

WhenPolymerModifiedBitumen(PMB)iscombinedwithmineralaggregatesitprovideshighercohesionandbetteradhesioncomparedtoconventionalandpavingbitumengrades.PMBalsooffersgreatelasticrecoveryafterrelief.AdditionaladvantagesandbenefitsofusingPMBincludethefollowing:Lowersusceptibilitytotemperaturevariations,higherresistancetodeformationwearandtearandIncreaseinfatiguelife.IncolderclimaticconditionsandwintermonthsthePMBstopscrackingthatoccurswhentheroadsurfacecontracts.Ontheothersideofthespectrum,inextremehotclimaticconditionsandsummermonthsthePMBstopstheasphaltfromsoftening,whenroadsurfacetemperaturesmayexceed65°C.CommonlyusedintheGulf,TheAmericas,CanadaandthroughAfrica.



TEST SPECIFICATIONFlash Point Temperature (°C), T48 230 Min

Viscosity, ASTM D4402: Maximum, 3 Pa·s Test Temperature (°C)

135

Dynamic Shear, TP5; G*/sin δ, Minimum, 1.00 kPaTemperature (°C) at 10 rad/s

76

ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN (T240) OR THIN FILM OVEN (T179) RESIDUE

Mass loss, Maximum 1%


76

PRESSURE AGING VESSEL RESIDUE

P.A.V. Aging Temperature (°C) 110

Dynamic Shear, TP5; G*/sin δ, Minimum, 5000 kPaTemperature (°C) at 10 rad/s

37

PHYSICAL HARDENING REPORT

Creep Stiffness, TP1 Stiffness, Maximum, 300.0 MPa at 60 seconds m-value, Minimum, 0.300 at 60 seconds Test Temperature (°C)

0

Direct Tension, TP3 Failure Strain, Minimum, 1.0% (loading rate of 1.0 mm/min) Test Temperature (°C)

0

HIGHIMPACTPERFORMANCEGRADEPG76-10SPECIFICATIONS


TEST SPECIFICATIONFlash Point Temperature (°C), T48 230 Min

Viscosity, ASTM D4402: Maximum, 3 Pa·s Test Temperature (°C)

135


82

ROLLING THIN FILM OVEN (T240) OR THIN FILM OVEN (T179) RESIDUE

Mass loss, Maximum 1%


82

PRESSURE AGING VESSEL RESIDUE

P.A.V. Aging Temperature (°C) 110

Dynamic Shear, TP5; G*/sin δ, Minimum, 5000 kPaTemperature (°C) at 10 rad/s

40

PHYSICAL HARDENING REPORT

Creep Stiffness, TP1 Stiffness, Maximum, 300.0 MPaat 60 seconds m-value, Minimum, 0.300 at 60 seconds Test Temperature (°C)

0

Direct Tension, TP3 Failure Strain, Minimum, 1.0% (loading rate of 1.0 mm/min) Test Temperature (°C)

0

HIGHIMPACTPERFORMANCEGRADEPG82-10SPECIFICATIONS

TYPESOFMODIFIEDBITUMEN

1.PlastomericThermoPlasticBasedType-A(PMB120,70,40)–PenetrationBasedPolymerusedPE,EVA,EBA,EMAetc.

2.ElastomericThermoplasticBasedType-B(PMB120,70,40)–PenetrationBasedPolymerusedSIS,SBS,ETPetc.

3.NaturalRubberBasedType-C(NRMB120,70,40)–PenetrationBasedLatexorRubberpowder

4.CrumbRubberBasedType-D(CRMB50,55,60)–SofteningPointBasedCrumbRubberpowderfromdiscardedtrucktires

(HighViscosityBitumen– Class170&320deservesamentionhere)


S.NO Characteristic

Requirements ASTM Standards

PMB(P)-120 PMB(P)-70 PMB(P)-40

1 Penetration at 25°C, 1/10mm, 100g, 5 sec 90-150 50-90 30-50D 5

2 Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Min 50 55 60 D 36

3 Fraass Breaking Point # °C, Min -20 -16 -12 -

4 Elastic Recovery at 15°C, %, Min or 50 40 30 D 6084

G*/sin?, min1.0 kpa, 25 mm plate, 10rad/s at a temp °C 52 58 72

5 Flash Point, COC, °C, Min 220 220 220 D 92

6Separation, Difference in Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Max 3 3 3

-

7 Viscosity at 150°C, Poises 1-3 2-6 3-9

D 2170/D4402

8 Thin Film Oven Test & Tests on Residue - - -D 2872

8a Loss in Mass, %, Max 1.0 1.0 1.0 D 6

8bReduction in Penetration of residue at 25°C, 1/10mm, 100g, 5 sec, %, Max 35 35 35

-

8c Increase in Softening Point, °C, Max 7 6 5-

8d Elastic Recovery at 25°C, %, Min or 35 30 20 D 6085

A. SPECIFICATIONOFPOLYMERMODIFIEDBITUMEN,PMB(P)


S. NO Characteristic

Requirement ASTM Standards

PMB(E)120 PMB(E)70 PMB(E)40

1 Penetration at 25°C, 1/10mm, 100g, 5 sec 90-150 50-90 30-50

D5

2 Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Min 50 55 60D36

3 Fraass Breaking Point # °C, Min -20 -16 -12-

4 Elastic Recovery at 15°C, %, Min 70 70 70D6084

5 Flash Point, COC, °C, Min 220 220 220D92


-

7 Viscosity at 150°C, Poises 1-3 2-6 3-9D2176

8 Thin Film Oven Test & Tests on Residue - - -

D2872

8a Loss in Mass, %, Max 1.0 1.0 1.0D6

8bReduction in Penetration of residue at 25°C, 100g, 5 s, %, Max 35 35 35

-

8c Increase in Softening Point, °C, Max 7 6 5

-

8d Elastic Recovery at 25°C, %, Min 50 50 50D6085

B.SPECIFICATIONOFPOLYMERMODIFIEDBITUMEN,PMB(E)


S.NO Characteristic

Requirement ASTM Standards

NRMB 120 NRMB 70 NRMB40

1 Penetration at 25°C, 1/10mm, 100g, 5 sec 90-150 50-90 30-50

D 5

2 Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Min 45 50 55D 36

3 Fraass Breaking Point # °C, Min -20 -16 -12-

4 Elastic Recovery at 15°C, %, Min 50 40 30D 6084

5 Flash Point, COC, °C, Min 220 220 220D 92


-

7 Viscosity at 150°C, Poises 1-3 2-6 3-9

D 2170/D4402

8 Thin Film Oven Test & Tests on Residue - - -

D 2872

8a Loss in Mass, %, Max 1.0 1.0 1.0D 6

8bReduction in Penetration of residue at 25°C, 100g, 5 s, %, Max 35 35 35

-

8c Increase in Softening Point, °C, Max 7 6 5

-

8d Elastic Recovery at 25°C, %, Min 35 25 20D 6085

C.SPECIFICATION OFNATURALRUBBERMODIFIEDBITUMEN,NRMB


S.NO PROPERTIES CRMB50

CRMB55

CRMB60

ASTM STANDARDS

1 Penetration at 25°C, 1/10mm, 100g, 5 sec < 70 < 60 < 50D5

2 Softening Point, (R&B),°C, Min 50 55 60D36

3 Elastic Recovery at 15°C, %, Min 50 50 50D6084

4 Flash Point, COC, °C, Min 220 220 220D92


-

6 Viscosity at 150°C, Poises 1-3 2-6 3-9D2170/D4402

7 Thin Film Oven Test & Tests on Residue - - -D2872

7a Loss in Mass, %, Max 1.0 1.0 1.0 D6

7bReduction in Penetration of residue at 25°C, 100g, 5s, %,Max 40 40 40

-

7c Increase in Softening Point, °C, Max 7 6 5-

7d Elastic Recovery at 25°C, %, Min 35 35 35D6085

D.SPECIFICATION OFCRUMBRUBBERMODIFIEDBITUMEN,CRMB


Lowest Mean Air Temperature °C Highest Air Mean Temperature °C

Less than 20°C 20°C to 30°C More than 30°C

More than -10°C PMB / NRMB 55 PMB / NRMB 45 PMB / NRMB 50

CRMB 50 CRMB 55 CRMB 60

-10°C or lower PMB / NRMB 55 PMB / NRMB 120 PMB / NRMB 45

CRMB 50 CRMB 50 CRMB 55

SELECTIONCRITERIAFORGRADESOFMODIFIEDBITUMEN


STAGE OF WORK INDICATED TEMPERATURE °C

BITUMEN AT MIXING TEMPERATURE 165 - 185

AGGREGATE AT MIXING 165 - 185

MIX AT MIXING PLANT 150 - 170

MIX AT LAYING 130 - 160

ROLLING AT LAYING SITE 115 - 145

WORKING TEMPERATUREREQUIREMENTFORMODIFIEDBITUMEN


S.No Properties Requirement

Hot Climate

Cold Climate

High Rainfall

1 Marshall Stability (75 12 10 12

blows) at 60oC, kN, Max - - -

2 Marshall Flow at 60oC, mm 2.5-4.0 3.5-5.0 3.0-4.5

3 Marshall Quotient, kg/mm - 250-500 -

4 Voids in Compacted Mix, % - 3.0-5.0 -

5 Modified Binder Content byweight of mix-min*

5.4% - 5.6% 4.7% - 5.2%

4.3% - 4.7%

6Retained stability after 24 hrs. in

water at 60oC %, min 90 95 100

7 Coating with aggregate, % 95 95 100

REQUIREMENTS OFMIXPREPAREDWITHMODIFIEDBITUMEN


ENVIRONMENTALADVANTAGESOFUSINGPMBEconomicgrowthandchangingconsumptionandproductionpatternsareresultingintorapidincreaseingenerationofwasteplasticsintheworld.Theworld’sannualconsumptionofplasticmaterialshasincreasedfromaround5milliontonnesinthe1950stonearly100milliontonnes;thus,20timesmoreplasticisproducedtodaythan50yearsago.Thisimpliesthatononehand,moreresourcesarebeingusedtomeettheincreaseddemandofplastic,andontheotherhand,moreplasticwasteisbeinggenerated.InAsiaandthePacific,aswellasmanyotherdevelopingregions,plasticconsumptionhasincreasedmuchmorethantheworldaverageduetorapidurbanizationandeconomicdevelopment.

Manyoftheseplasticscouldbeandareusedinthemanufactureofhighqualitymodifiedbitumensuchas:

Thereisalargeamountofplasticwastebeinggeneratedfromhouseholdandagriculturalwaste,e.g.plasticbottlesandpoly'tunnels.Itisquitefeasibleforsomeofthismaterialtobeincorporatedintobituminousmixtures,bothasan"aggregate"bulkingmaterial,andasamodifier/improverofexistingbituminousmixtures.

The plastics/polymerswiththemostobviouspotentialarelowandhighdensitypolyethylenes,(LDPEandHDPE).Ascollectionandsortingofthesematerialsbecomesmoreestablishedandmechaniseditispossiblethat"mountains"ofreclaimedmaterialwillreducecosttothepointwheretheinclusionofthesematerialsinbituminousmixtureswillbecommerciallydriven.

Considerableresearchwork,worldwide,isbeingperformedontheinclusionof"rubbercrumb"fromoldtyrestofindanenvironmentalanswertodisposingofusedtyres,whilstimprovingthepropertiesofthebituminousmixturesthatcontainthisrubber.




Which Is Approximately $2400 / Km of Road, in Savings

http://bitumenexporter.blogspot.com


Sadhan Ghosh is president of the International Society of Waste Management, Air and Water (ISWMAW), India and professor of Mechanical Engineering at Jadavpur University, Kolkata. e-mail: [email protected] include Sannidhya Ghosh, a day scholar at the university and Asit Aich, executive engineer, department of municipal affairs, Government of West Bengal, Kharagpur.

http://www.waste-management-world.com/index/display/article-display/6652396623/articles/waste-management-world/volume-12/issue-5/features/rebuilding-c-d-waste-recycling-efforts-in-india.html



Prof. Vasudavan responded to this blog entry that it was a Project by a final Year Student and it never take up after the trial run.



POLYMERS USED IN TONERS – THE KIWI WAY

http://bitumenexporter.blogspot.com/2011/03/used-toners-on-road.html


http://bitumenexporter.blogspot.com/2010/03/recycling-of-roads-in-singapore-lta-way.html





Russia’s Gazprom and SIBUR is implementing TPE ( Thermo Plastic Elastomers ) in Road Construction..


UCO- Used Cooking Oil with Bitumen… What about Bio-Diesel ?

http://bitumenexporter.blogspot.com/2009/05/pmb-saviour-for-mumbai-roads.html


PMB- Using Netherlands’ technology in India, thanks to Col. Tiwari


It’s German Technology for the bleeding Bridge- Excessive Traffic moves the bitumen


SBS for High Stress Surfaces ( Race Track )


NR –Cheaper , More resistant to Brittleness, fatigue and less rutting


CONCLUSIONS1. The High Cost of Polymers is still a cause for concern.2. Bitumen prices are on the rise. 3. Natural Disasters like flooding which erode roads is another factor taken into consideration. 4. CRMB AND NRMB Should be more actively specified. 5. Advance Economies are still the major users of PMB. Local Road Authorities in Developing Countries should

be better informed of the benefits of using Modified Bitumen over standard grades.6. Increased traffic conditions will and are reducing the life span of roads. Modified bitumen is a means of

prevention, and ultimately will be the cure. It will save millions of dollars in the future and reduce the amount of the resources used for construction.

7. Using recycled Polymers and Rubber to make Modified Bitumen helps to Save the Earth and benefit the Environment.


THANK YOU FOR LISTENING ANY QUESTIONS ?


Business

Benzene argus - modified bitumen presentation