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Communication Styles Questionnaire plus analysis. Background: Personality types, communication styles and how to use them. Most personality tests, including the best-known, the Myers-Briggs Typology Inventory, are based on the work of psychologist, Carl Jung 1875-1961. Jung categorised personalities into ‘types’, and psychologists and management theorists quickly spotted their potential for improving the way we understand and get along with family, friends and colleagues. You may well have taken a Myers-Briggs test at some point in your career, or heard other colleagues talking about their test result, which (in shorthand) is expressed as four letters, such as: ENTJ or INFP. Myers-Briggs is perhaps the best known of the typology tests, but what do the results mean, and how do you use this tool at work? The letters stand for different personality traits or attitudes. When translated into the working world, they can denote how a person likes to be communicated with, and what strengths they bring to a team or a project. They can help to shed light on office clashes, tensions, misunderstandings and relationship difficulties. Often, discord is less to do with what is being presented than how it is being presented. In office environments where Myers-Briggs has become part of the culture, a person’s typology may be included in recruitment processes and team design, with people freely comparing notes on their personality types. By understanding the types, and subtly adapting your behaviour to increase the comfort level of the other person, you can increase rapport, relieve discomfort, improve understanding and bridge relationships between colleagues. A simple way of personality typing. All of this is only useful if you can easily establish the personality type of both yourself and the other people involved, and often it’s not appropriate to ask. Luckily, Industrial psychologist David Merrill came up with a handy alternative back in 1921, when he realised we could usually ‘type’ people by watching their behaviour. Merrill called his types, ‘communication styles’, and named them: • Analytical • Amiable • Expressive • Driver The characteristics of his personality types share commonalities with the types identified by most of the popular typologies.
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Communication Style Questionnaire
Your name …………………………………
Working across a whole row at a time, read the four boxes, then find the one that ‘best describes you’ and give this 4 points. Then find the box that next best describes you and give this 3 points. Then choose the next most like you, give this 2 points. Finally give the box that is ‘least like you’ 1 point.
For example:
Impressive … 3 … Self reliant … 1 … Relaxed … 2 … Responsive … 4 …
NOW COMPLETE THE QUESTIONNAIRE
1 Impressive… Self reliant… Relaxed… Responsive…
2 Expert… Realistic… Co-operative… Creative…
3 Specialist… Supportive… Informal… Decisive…
4 Diplomatic… Sense of fun…Common sense…
Job centred…
5 Eager… Knowledgeable… Efficient… Loyal…
6 Rational… Competitive… Faithful… Spirited…
7 Quick… Sensitive… Influential… Accurate…
8 Warm… Lively… Precise…Controls emotions…
9 Intelligent/academic… Impulsive… Agreeable… Direct…
10 Serious… Energetic… Considerate… Sensible…
11 Dynamic… Stimulating… Patient… Business like…
12 Take risks… Organised… Charismatic… Attentive…
13 Powerful… Logical…. Uninhibited… Sociable…
14 Orderly… Outgoing… Calm… Focussed…
15 Amiable… Expressive… Analytical… Controlling…
Page - 1 -
This page is intentionally blank
Page - 2 -
SCORING INSTRUCTIONS
Copy your scores from Page 1 to this page. Put your score next to the same word. Add the scores in each vertical column. Put your totals at the bottom of the page.
COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2 COLUMN 3 COLUMN 4
1 Self reliant … Responsive… Relaxed… Impressive…
2 Expert… Co-operative… Realistic… Creative…
3 Specialist… Supportive… Decisive… Informal…
4 Common sense… Diplomatic… Job centred… Sense of fun…
5 Knowledgeable… Loyal… Efficient… Eager…
6 Rational… Faithful… Competitive… Spirited…
7 Accurate… Sensitive… Quick… Influential…
8 Precise… Warm…Controls emotions…
Lively…
9 Intelligent/academic… Agreeable… Direct… Impulsive…
10 Sensible… Considerate… Serious… Energetic…
11 Business like… Patient… Dynamic… Stimulating…
12 Organised… Attentive… Take risks… Charismatic…
13 Logical… Sociable… Powerful… Uninhibited…
14 Focused… Calm… Orderly… Outgoing…
15 Analytical… Amiable… Controlling… Expressive…
TOTAL ……………. TOTAL ………… TOTAL ………… TOTAL …………
Check: the 4 column totals together must add up to 150
Page - 3 -
FINDING YOUR PRIMARY STYLE
Calculate your scores for Assertiveness and Responsiveness
ASSERTIVENESS
Add sum of columns 3 and 4 = ………………………..
Add sum of columns 1 and 2 = ………………………..
(3 and 4) minus (1 and 2) = ………………………..
RESPONSIVENESS
Add sum of columns 2 and 4 = ………………………..
Add sum of columns 1 and 3 = ………………………..
(2 and 4) minus (1 and 3) = ………………………..
Page - 4 -
TO IDENTIFY YOUR PRIMARY STYLE, find your ‘RESPONSIVENESS, score along the horizontal axis and your ‘ASSERTIVENESS’ score along the vertical axis.Plot your position on the diagram where the two intersect each other.
Ways to Generate Pull
Express feelings.
Flatter.
Be more gregarious and talkative.
Spend more time on the relationship.
Ways to Decrease Pull
Be restrained.
Control your enthusiasm.
Make decisions based on facts not gut feel.
Think before speaking, reason your point.
Ways to Generate Push
Be accurate, brief, clear.
Ways to Decrease Push
Seek views.
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60
50
40
30
20
10
10 20 30 40 50 60-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10
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PULL – ASK (Responsiveness)
PUSH – TELL(Assertiveness)
DRIVER EXPRESSIVE
ANALYTIC AMIABLE
CONTROLS FEELINGS
SHOWS FEELINGS
Argue your point.
Be prepared to disagree.
Start conversations.
Be moderate.
Listen without jumping in.
Be flexible.
Let others dominate.
DRIVER
STYLE
♦ Persistent
♦ Direct
♦ Competitive
♦ Takes initiative and control
♦ Control feelings and emotions
♦ Strongly persuasive
♦ Business-like and straight forward
♦ Detached
♦ Values results
♦ Enjoys challenges
♦ Committed to getting things done
♦ Will confront and correct others
♦ Dominant and focused
THINGS TO AVOID HOW TO TREAT A DRIVER
Page - 6 -
DOING TO A DRIVER
♦ Taking an interest in their personal affairs
♦ Being chaotic or disorganised
♦ Being vague or unsure
♦ Rambling on or wasting their time
♦ If you disagree, do not let it reflect on them
personally
♦ Using personal relationships to get an
advantage
♦ Staying for personal chats after business
♦ Give clear, brief, accurate data
♦ Prepare a well-organised package
♦ Focus on business, ask specific “what”
questions
♦ Present facts efficiently and concisely
♦ Provide options on which they decide
♦ Ensure key facts and figures to focus on
the probability of success
♦ Focus on objectives, results and the
bottom line
♦ Support their conclusions
♦ Finish the business and leave quickly
EXPRESSIVE
STYLE
♦ Friendly
♦ Good social style
♦ Uninhibited
♦ Puts people at ease
Page - 7 -
♦ Generates enthusiasm in others
♦ Shares dreams and ambitions
♦ Excitable and talkative
♦ Use praise and favours
♦ Motivational
♦ High energy and vitality
♦ Flamboyant
♦ Intuitive and emotional
♦ Mood swings
THINGS TO AVOID
DOING TO AN EXPRESSIVE
HOW TO TREAT AN
EXPRESSIVE
♦ Crushing their views
♦ Being curt or formal
♦ Concentrating on facts and figures,
alternatives, abstractions or going into detail
♦ Wasting time trying to be highly controlled
and business-like
♦ Messing around too much; sticking too rigidly
to the agenda either
♦ Talking down to them; do not patronise
♦ Being longwinded
♦ Support their visions and intuitions
♦ Socialise and talk about their objectives
and opinions
♦ Ask for their ideas and opinions
♦ Get commitment to action
♦ Provide solid ideas for making decisions
♦ Allow time to be stimulating, creative, fast
moving
♦ Give incentives for quick action
♦ Be enthusiastic
♦ Control ‘dreaming’ with them or you will
lose time
Page - 8 -
AMIABLE
STYLE
♦ Warm and friendly
♦ Good personal relationships
♦ Service oriented
♦ Makes unobtrusive suggestions
♦ Offers understanding and friendship
♦ Co-operative and supportive
♦ Displays empathy
♦ Easy to work with
♦ Patient and dependable
♦ Accommodating
♦ Good listener
♦ Logical
♦ Good in teams
♦ Good at disarming conflict
THINGS TO AVOID
DOING TO AN AMIABLE
HOW TO TREAT AN
AMIABLE
♦ Pushing straight into business or the agenda
♦ Sticking solely to business; on the other
hand, don’t lose sight of goals by being too
personal
♦ Forcing them to respond quickly to your
objectives; don’t say “This is how I see the
♦ Start with a personal comment
♦ Show real interest in them
♦ Come across as honest, open, sincere
♦ Identify patiently their personal objectives
♦ Present the case gently and with no
Page - 9 -
situation”
♦ Being domineering or demanding,
threatening them with position and power
♦ Debating facts and figures
♦ Bullying them into agreeing - they will resist
♦ Patronising them by using subtlety or
invective
♦ Offering assurances you cannot fulfil
threats or pressure
♦ Ask ‘how’ questions to find out their
opinions
♦ Demonstrate how their decision will
reduce risks
♦ Provide benefits
♦ Provide personal guarantees
ANALYTIC
STYLE
♦ Quiet and unassuming
♦ Uses factual data and logical arguments
♦ Good attention to detail
♦ Conservative and conscientious
♦ Maximises procedures
♦ Calculates and plans
♦ Business-like
♦ Deliberate and precise
♦ Lets others take the initiative
♦ Seen as unemotional, aloof and business-
like
♦ Likes evidence before deciding
♦ Makes practical decisions by being logical
Page - 10 -
THINGS TO AVOID
DOING TO AN ANALYTIC
HOW TO TREAT AN
ANALYTIC
♦ Being chaotic and impulsive
♦ Being breezy and casual
♦ Forcing the decision-making process
♦ Wasting time or being superficial
♦ Relying on personal persuasion
♦ Using references of others or unreliable
sources
♦ Using someone’s opinion as evidence
♦ Using slick techniques
♦ Give accurate, logical data
♦ Provide solid, practical evidence
♦ Stick to business and build credibility by
listing pros and cons
♦ Allow sufficient time to be thorough
♦ Organise and schedule presentation with
a step-by-step schedule
♦ Give them time to evaluate and verify
proposals
♦ Minimise risk by giving guarantees
Page - 11 -
Flexibil i ty in Communicating with Others
It is important to be versatile when dealing with managers, team members,
colleagues and customers, not just by providing a variety of products and/or
services, but by being able to modify your communication style.
Before you can do that you need to know what your default style is and the
default style(s) of the person/people you are communicating with. Only then
will you be able to modify effectively.
Here is a table which identifies the 4 main styles of communication and the
“default settings” predominant in each style. In reality we can demonstrate all
styles, but there are always one or two styles which dominate our personality.
ANALYTIC DRIVER AMIABLE EXPRESSIVEFall back
positionAvoids Autocratic Gives in Attacks
They valueActivity &
precision
Results and
the bottom line
Attention and
friendshipApplause and praise
Personal
development
needs
Make
decisionsListen Initiate action Check the detail
Manage them
best by
Providing
detail
Allowing them
to build their
own structure
Making
suggestions &
facilitating
Aspiring to their goals
They l ike to
beAccurate Efficient Agreeable Stimulating/visionary
Page - 12 -
To help
decisions,
provide
Evidence &
service
Options &
probabilities
Guarantees &
assurances
Testimony &
incentives
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