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e-Commercee-Commerce
Workshop for UNDP Country Office ICT Programme Officers Workshop for UNDP Country Office ICT Programme Officers & Focal Points in Asia-Pacific - & Focal Points in Asia-Pacific - KKuala Lumpur, December 2002uala Lumpur, December 2002
Will KeenanWill KeenanRegional Advisor on Trade Facilitation Regional Advisor on Trade Facilitation and Electronic Commerceand Electronic Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
E-commerce is one of the most visible E-commerce is one of the most visible examples of the way in which information examples of the way in which information and communication technologies can and communication technologies can contribute to economic growth.contribute to economic growth.
Kofi A. Annan, Kofi A. Annan, UN Secretary-GeneralUN Secretary-General
PremisePremise
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
“any form of business or administrative transaction or information exchange that is executed using any information and communications technology”
DefinitionDefinition
Internet users and e-C revenueInternet users and e-C revenue
Source: IDC
e-Commerce
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Internet users E-commerce revenue (B2B & B2C)
UnitedStates
WesternEurope
Japan Asia/Pacific
Rest ofthe World
Percentof global
e-Commerce
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Challenges to e-CommerceChallenges to e-Commerce
• poor or non-existent telecompoor or non-existent telecom
• high network (Internet, VAN) access costshigh network (Internet, VAN) access costs
• language and culturelanguage and culture
• lack of skilled personnellack of skilled personnel
• legal, regulatory, taxation and consumer legal, regulatory, taxation and consumer protection issuesprotection issues
• e-security and financial transactionse-security and financial transactions
e-Commerce
EDI translationEDI translation& communication& communication
softwaresoftware
Trading PartnerTrading PartnerApplicationApplication
SystemSystem
ApplicationApplicationInterfaceInterface
EDI documents areEDI documents aresent/received via a sent/received via a
network mailboxnetwork mailbox
ApplicationApplicationInterfaceInterface
EDI translationEDI translation& communication& communication
softwaresoftware
Trading PartnerTrading PartnerApplicationApplication
SystemSystem
Traditional EDI processTraditional EDI process
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
• TRADACOMSTRADACOMS
• ANSI X12ANSI X12
• UN/EDIFACTUN/EDIFACT
• HTML HTML
Technical standardsTechnical standards
• XMLXML
• ebXMLebXML
• and many more and many more to come…to come…
e-Commerce
Future ebXML processFuture ebXML process
Company A
Company B
Build Local SystemImplementation
Request Business Details
Agree business arrangements
Do business
Register implementation detailsRegister Company A profile
Query about Company A profile
Download scenarios & profiles
ebXML compliantsystem
1
2
4
2
5
6
Business scenarios
Business profiles
ebXMLRegistry
-- MIMOSMIMOS
TIGeR Initiative - MalaysiaTIGeR Initiative - Malaysiae-Commerce
Vision:Vision: EC for Entrepreneurs Competitiveness EC for Entrepreneurs Competitiveness EC for Exports of Trade & Services, EC for Domestic ConsumptionEC for Exports of Trade & Services, EC for Domestic Consumption
E-Commerce asthe national trade strategy
E-Commerce asthe national trade strategy
Promote the EC deployment among business
sectors, esp. SMEs
Promote the EC deployment among business
sectors, esp. SMEs
Build trust &confidence
Build trust &confidence
Governmentrenovates &
creates market
Governmentrenovates &
creates market
Create an environment for fair
competition and protect consumers
Create an environment for fair
competition and protect consumers
Collaborate proactively with EC-related international forumsCollaborate proactively with
EC-related international forumsPublic hearingand governmentendorsed in 2000
EC Strategyis integratedwithin IT 2010.
Thai e-Commerce policy Thai e-Commerce policy frameworkframeworke-Commerce
e-Commerce
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“Trust & Confidence” Samples Of Some Successfule-Business Practices
e-Commerce
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i-Commerce Products Information available on the web,Buying and selling on the usual (analog) channel e.g. telephone, and fax
1.
c-BusinessIntegrating/Collaborating with the back office information systems, e.g inventory and financial systems,and connecting with business partners
3.
t-Commerce Ordering the products online (online transaction),E-Payment could be available online.
2.
E-Commerce maturity modelE-Commerce maturity model
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
APEC APEC - Asia Pacific Economic - Asia Pacific Economic CooperationCooperation
• 21 member economies– 2.5 billion people– 50% of world trade– consensus based
• APEC’s premise– trade and investment liberalisation delivers
economic growth, creates employment and alleviates poverty
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
APEC’s Digital DivideAPEC’s Digital Divide
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
APEC and e-CommerceAPEC and e-Commerce
• e-Commerce becoming mainstreame-Commerce becoming mainstream
• B2B Internet commerce in the A-P regionB2B Internet commerce in the A-P regionUSD 96.8 billion in 2000USD 96.8 billion in 2000– 22 percent of world total22 percent of world total
• substantial cost reductions from streamlining substantial cost reductions from streamlining business processes and improved B2B business processes and improved B2B communicationcommunication
ASEAN ASEAN – Assn of Southeast Asian – Assn of Southeast Asian NationsNations
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
e-ASEANe-ASEAN
• Shepherd: Shepherd: SingaporeSingapore• Co-Shepherd:Co-Shepherd: Malaysia, BruneiMalaysia, Brunei• Areas of coverage:Areas of coverage:
– e-Commerce legal frameworke-Commerce legal framework– e-Commerce legislation on electronic e-Commerce legislation on electronic
transactions and electronic signaturestransactions and electronic signatures– Consumer protectionConsumer protection
▪ Online alternative dispute resolutionOnline alternative dispute resolution▪ Privacy and personal data protectionPrivacy and personal data protection
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
e-ASEANe-ASEAN
• Areas of coverage (cont’d.):Areas of coverage (cont’d.):– Regional electronic payments systemRegional electronic payments system– Intellectual property rightsIntellectual property rights– Cybercrime legislation and preventionCybercrime legislation and prevention– Developing authentication and security Developing authentication and security
policiespolicies– Mutual recognition of digital signature Mutual recognition of digital signature
frameworkframework– Security policySecurity policy– Taxation issuesTaxation issues
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
ASEM ASEM - Asia-Europe Meeting- Asia-Europe Meeting
An informal process of dialogue and cooperation An informal process of dialogue and cooperation between…between…
AustriaAustriaBelgiumBelgiumDenmarkDenmarkFinlandFinlandFranceFranceGermanyGermanyGreeceGreeceIrelandIreland
ItalyItalyLuxembourgLuxembourgNetherlandsNetherlandsPortugalPortugalSpainSpainSwedenSwedenUnited United KingdomKingdomEuropean European
CommissionCommission
BruneiBruneiChinaChinaIndonesiaIndonesiaJapanJapanKoreaKoreaMalaysiaMalaysiaPhilippinePhilippinessSingaporSingaporeeThailandThailandViet NamViet Nam
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
ASEM Trade Facilitation Action ASEM Trade Facilitation Action PlanPlan
Priority areas:Priority areas: • Customs proceduresCustoms procedures• standards and conformity assessmentstandards and conformity assessment• quarantine and SPS proceduresquarantine and SPS procedures• intellectual property rightsintellectual property rights• electronic commerceelectronic commerce• other areas (e.g. distribution)other areas (e.g. distribution)
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
ASEM Trade Facilitation Action ASEM Trade Facilitation Action PlanPlan
E-commerce actions:E-commerce actions: • seminars and meetingseminars and meeting• issues paper, legislative inventoryissues paper, legislative inventory• joint recommendationsjoint recommendations• pilot projects (e.g. paperless trade)pilot projects (e.g. paperless trade)• website: website: www.asemec.orgwww.asemec.org
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
ASEM Trade Facilitation Action ASEM Trade Facilitation Action PlanPlan
E-commerce recommendationsE-commerce recommendations • user trustuser trust• cyber securitycyber security• intellectual property rightsintellectual property rights
Recommentations reference otherRecommentations reference otherinternational recommendations, such asinternational recommendations, such asUNICTRAL Model Law on E-CommerceUNICTRAL Model Law on E-Commerce
e-Commerce
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• contractual formscontractual forms
• technical standardstechnical standards
• data protectiondata protection
• e-Commerce IP issuese-Commerce IP issues
• security and cryptologysecurity and cryptology
• facilitation vs regulationfacilitation vs regulation
International issuesInternational issues
e-Commerce
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• contractscontracts
• legislationlegislation
• self-regulationself-regulation
• international conventionsinternational conventions
Legal dimensionsLegal dimensions
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
• ease of reproductionease of reproduction
• difficulty of detecting alterationdifficulty of detecting alteration
• absence of originalityabsence of originality
• anonymity of sourceanonymity of source
DematerialisationDematerialisation
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
• documentdocument
• writingwriting
• signaturesignature
• instrumentinstrument
Language in statutesLanguage in statutes
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
• requirements of formrequirements of form
• mechanical signaturesmechanical signatures
• intention to signintention to sign
• proofproof
• national legislation national legislation
SignaturesSignatures
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
• standardisation of technologystandardisation of technology
• recognition of root authoritiesrecognition of root authorities
• harmonisation of commercial codesharmonisation of commercial codes
• modernisation of enforcement proceduresmodernisation of enforcement procedures
Electronic signaturesElectronic signatures
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
• technical securitytechnical security
• commercial securitycommercial security
• legal securitylegal security
• national securitynational security
SecuritySecurity
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
• EU directiveEU directive
• registrationregistration
• personal datapersonal data
• consentconsent
• confidentialityconfidentiality
• proper useproper use
• correction of correction of errorserrors
Data protectionData protection
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
• “…… “…… should we tax the internet?”should we tax the internet?”
• ““How should we tax the internet?”How should we tax the internet?”
• direct and indirect taxesdirect and indirect taxes
• international aspects of taxationinternational aspects of taxation
Fiscal issuesFiscal issues
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
Developed economies
• broadband access
• regional networks
• market exchange
• cross-border certification
• security
• intellectual property
Developing economies
• human capacity building
• basic access
• low cost PC & SW
• local language
• portal site
• government facilitation
ICT & e-Commerce strategiesICT & e-Commerce strategies
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
Role of the UNRole of the UN
• UNCTADUNCTAD
• UNCITRALUNCITRAL
• WIPOWIPO
• UN/CEFACTUN/CEFACT
• ITUITU
• UNDPUNDP
• Regional CommissionsRegional Commissions
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
United NationsUnited NationsNew York and Geneva, 2002New York and Geneva, 2002
E-COMMERCE AND DEVELOPMENTE-COMMERCE AND DEVELOPMENTREPORT 2002REPORT 2002
UNCTADUNCTAD
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
UNCITRALUNCITRAL
Positive experience with Model Law on Electronic Commerce
– adopted by Australia, Bermuda, Colombia, Ecuador, France, Hong Kong SAR, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Rep. of Korea, Singapore, Slovenia, Thailand
– Uniform Acts in Canada and USA
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
• Recommendation 26 - TPAsRecommendation 26 - TPAs
• Recommendation 31 - Contract formationRecommendation 31 - Contract formation
• Recommendation 32 - Codes of conductRecommendation 32 - Codes of conduct
• Current workCurrent work
– Certification authority standards
– ODR
– ebXML legal issues
UN/CEFACT recommendationsUN/CEFACT recommendations
e-Commerce
UNESCAPUNESCAP
www.afact.org
Thank youThank you
[email protected]@un.org
UNESCAPUNESCAP
Will KeenanWill Keenan
Workshop for UNDP Country Office ICT Programme Officers Workshop for UNDP Country Office ICT Programme Officers & Focal Points in Asia-Pacific - & Focal Points in Asia-Pacific - KKuala Lumpur, December 2002uala Lumpur, December 2002
