El destino huelva durante la crisis 2008 2015-english

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SCORECARD FOR THE PROVINCE OF HUELVA AS A TOURISM DESTINATION

(2008‐2015)

Alfonso Vargas Sánchez

This report includes a broad set of indicators grouped into the following sections:

COMPETITIVENESS INDICATORS

DESTINATION MANAGEMENT

1. Offer.

2. Demand.

3. Territorial pressure.

4. Demographic pressure.

5. Seasonality.

6. Perception index.

MARKETS

7. Diversity of markets of origin.

8. Adjusting the capacity of the destination to demand.

9. Profitability.

PRODUCTS AND RESOURCES

10. Sun and beach tourism.

11. Golf tourism.

12. Nautical tourism.

13. Rural tourism.

14. Gastronomic tourism.

QUALITY OF LIFE

15. The impact of tourism on the economy.

16. Satisfaction with the community.

APPENDIX: EVOLUTION OF THE NUMBER OF VISITORS TO THE PRINCIPAL TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN HUELVA PROVINCE

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COMPETITIVENESS INDICATORS

DESTINATION MANAGEMENT

1. Offer (average monthly figures).

Establishments Concept 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Hotels

Nº 157 149 146 150 146 143 140 140

Beds 19,895 20,117 20,197 21,298 21,075 20,899 20,661 19,427

% Occupancy 48.47 47.65 49.15 46.67 42.23 43.43 43.48 46.38

Employees 2,383 2,421 2,454 2,582 2,342 2,220 2,198 2,237

Camping Grounds

Nº 12 12 11 9 9 9 10 11

Pitches 5,844 5,831 5,631 4,392 4,494 4,290 4,339 4,609

% Occupancy 18.55 19.17 19.41 20.60 20.19 23.24 24.51 23.72

Employees 164 166 142 127 122 108 100 116

Tourist Apartments

Nº 569 821 699 674 570 535 563 613

Beds 2,426 3,145 2,944 3,016 2,496 2,375 2,478 2,752

% Occupancy 19.47 21.46 23.41 24.10 26.70 29.07 31.07 29.41

Employees 87 65 52 51 47 50 43 58

Rural Tourism

Nº 95 104 110 120 135 137 146 (*) 153 (*)

Beds 683 753 781 819 946 1157 1173 (*) 1208 (*)

% Occupancy 21.53 12.91 13.63 12.79 12.76 11.98 14.03 20.55

Employees 212 207 219 194 199 221 307 (*) 303 (*)

Total Employees

(% hotels)

2,846

(83.7)

2,859

(84.7)

2,867

(85.6)

2,954

(87.4)

2,710

(86.4)

2,599

(85.4)

2,648

(83.0)

2,714

(82.4)

(*) Monthly average based on estimated figures.

Source: INE (Spanish National Statistics Institute). Occupancy level surveys in hotels, camping grounds, tourist apartments and rural tourism accommodation (definitive data).

Nº of establishments in possession of the 'Q' for Quality Tourism (2015): 11 (Hotels and Tourism Apartments, 3 (a); Tourism Information Offices, 1 (b); Beaches, 4 (c); Restaurant services, 3 (d).

(a) Islantilla Golf Resort and Ayamonte and Mazagón Paradors.

(b) Lepe Tourist Office.

(c) Islantilla, La Antilla and Matalascañas Beaches and the Mazagón Parador.

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(d) McDonald's in Ayamonte, Huelva and North Huelva. This final section is of interest due to Huelva's candidature as Spain's capital of gastronomy.

2. Demand.


Hotels

Visitors 1,099,907 1,066,308 1,068,294 1,060,980 944,443 971,449 920,714 913,163

Stayovers 3,658,862 3,646,309 3,801,990 3,789,516 3,327,308 3,439,487 3,428,356 3,477,529

Avg stay 3.33 3.42 3.56 3.57 3.52 3.54 3.72 3.81

Camping Grounds

Visitors 172,015 150,619 141,915 125,689 102,496 134,813 136,432 161,303

Stayovers 762,900 788,177 736,435 572,624 600,320 551,541 534,333 653,746

Avg stay 4.44 5.23 5.19 4.56 5.86 4.09 3.92 4.05

Tourism Apartments

Visitors 31,530 37,151 44,792 54,582 54,104 62,414 72,603 75,676

Stayovers 174,086 249,132 254,360 266,763 240,721 254,323 284,090 298,421

Avg stay 5.52 6.71 5.68 4.89 4.45 4.07 3.91 3.94

Rural Tourism

Visitors 19,944 13,171 12,560 13,809 18,248 20,263 26,215 40,651

Stayovers 54,974 35,726 39,160 38,442 44,605 51,015 60,313 90,601

Avg stay 2.76 2.71 3.12 2.78 2.44 2.52 2.30 2.23

Total

Visitors

(% hotels)

1,323,396

(83.1)

1,267,249

(84.1)

1,267,561

(84.3)

1,255,060

(84.5)

1,119,291

(84.4)

1,188,939

(81.7)

1,156,364

(79.6)

1,190,793

(76.7)

Stayovers

(% hotels)

4,650,822

(78.7)

4,719,344

(77.3)

4,831,945

(78.7)

4,667,345

(81.2)

4,212,954

(79.0)

4,296,366

(80.1)

4,307,092

(79.6)

4,520,297

(76.9)

Avg stay 3.51 3.72 3.81 3.72 3.76 3.61 3.72 3.80

Source: INE (Spanish National Statistics Institute). Occupancy level surveys in hotels, camping grounds, tourism apartments and rural tourism accommodation (definitive data).

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3. Territorial pressure (nº of hotel beds per 1000 inhabitants).

Year Estimated nº of beds (1) Nº of inhabitants (1000) (2) (1) / (2) 1998 8,901 453.958 19.608 1999 12,784 457.507 27.943 2000 12,818 458.998 27.926 2001 11,141 461.730 24.129 2002 12,029 464.934 25.872 2003 12,109 472.446 25.630 2004 14,979 476.707 31.422 2005 17,141 483.792 35.431 2006 18,103 492.174 36.782 2007 18,537 497.671 37.247 2008 19,895 507.915 39.170 2009 20,117 513.403 39.184 2010 20,197 518.081 38.984 2011 21,298 521.968 40.803 2012 21,075 522.862 40.307 2013 20,899 520.668 40.139 2014 20,661 519.229 39.792 2015 19,427 520.017 37.358 (1) INE. Hotel occupancy survey (definitive data).

(2) INE. Population censuses since 1996. Official figures from the annual revision of the register of inhabitants carried out on the 1st of January each year.

In the last seventeen years, then, this territorial pressure indicator has more than doubled.

4. Demographic pressure (Stayovers per inhabitant).

Year Stayovers (1) Nº of inhabitants (2) (1) / (2) 1998 1,433,323 453,958 3.157 1999 1,621,786 457,507 3.545 2000 1,724,796 458,998 3.758 2001 1,765,087 461,730 3.823 2002 1,944,663 464,934 4.183 2003 2,053,973 472,446 4.348 2004 2,799,426 476,707 5.872 2005 3,216,570 483,792 6.649 2006 3,531,282 492,174 7.175 2007 3,541,201 497,671 7.116 2008 3,658,862 507,915 7.204 2009 3,646,309 513,403 7.102 2010 3,801,990 518,081 7.339 2011 3,789,516 521,968 7.260 2012 3,327,308 522,862 6.364 2013 3,439,487 520,668 6.606 2014 3,428,356 519,229 6.603 2015 3,477,529 520,017 6.687

(1) INE. Hotel occupancy survey (definitive data)

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(2) INE. Population censuses since 1996. Official figures from the annual revision of the register of inhabitants carried out on the 1st of January each year.

This indicator has followed a similar course, having almost doubled in the period in question, though with a pronounced fall in 2012 and a degree of recovery since then.

5. Seasonality.

5.1. Monthly distribution of the total nº of Stayovers (locals + foreigners), according to the Hotel Occupancy Survey (INE). Graphically:

5.2. Seasonal Amplitude: This is understood as the relationship between the highest and lowest number of stayovers on a monthly scale. The values obtained for this indicator in recent years are as follows:

Year Seasonal Amplitude

Stayovers‐total Stayovers‐locals Stayovers‐foreigners

2008 8,402 9,158 8,350

2009 9,522 1,489 8,359

2010 11,023 11,534 9,395

2011 11,135 11,973 8,359

2012 11,566 13,039 12,718

2013 14,348 15,661 11,330

2014 17,755 21,802 14,453

2015 15,131 22,341 17,258

Source: INE. Hotel Occupancy Survey (definitive data).

It is clear that seasonality has become more acute and has notably increased in the case of the local market. In global terms, the difference between the peak month and the lowest month in 2014 almost reached a multiple of eighteen, though this declined somewhat in 2015. In this

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same year, however, in the national market this proportion reached a historical maximum of more than 22, the international market reaching a figure of more than 17.

5.3. Seasonality Factor: This is calculated as the relationship between the stayovers in the three months of highest occupancy and the total stayovers for the year. The evolution of this indicator, which ranges from 0 to 1, is shown below.

Year Seasonality Factor

Stayovers‐total Stayovers‐locals Stayovers‐foreigners

2008 0.467 0.502 0.383

2009 0.470 0.522 0.401

2010 0.481 0.512 0.401

2011 0.498 0.539 0.394

2012 0.501 0.541 0.427

2013 0.511 0.531 0.473

2014 0.514 0.523 0.488

2015 0.533 0.544 0.503


This confirms the idea that seasonality has increased in recent years. Slightly more than half (> 53%) the total stayovers for the year are concentrated in the three months of highest occupancy, the summer months. This threshold is even higher in the case of national tourism, which is more seasonal than foreign tourism. In the case of the latter the peak month is not always August, which is not true of the domestic market.

6. Perception index.

Rating of the visit (1‐10)

Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

SYNTHETIC PERCEPTION INDEX 6.9 6.8 6.9 7.2 7.5 7.7 7.6 8.1

Difference with respect to Andalusia ‐0.1 ‐0.3 ‐0.3 ‐0.4 ‐0.5 ‐0.4 ‐0.6 0.1

Source: IECA (Andalusian Tourism Situation Survey).

The 2015 result is excellent, not only for the increase in the absolute value of the ratings received but also because it is the first time these ratings have exceeded the average for Andalusia, and for that reason it is a fact worth highlighting.

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The breakdown by concept is as follows:

VISIT RATING (1‐10)

Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2015‐And

Accommodation 7.9 7.6 7.6 8.0 8.0 8.3 8.3 9.3 8.3

Restoration 6.9 6.4 6.5 7.0 7.4 7.7 7.6 8.8 8.2

Entertainment‐Leisure 6.6 6.4 6.3 6.7 7.1 7.5 7.4 8.5 8.0

Public transport

Bus 7.3‐7.1 7.0 7.5 6.9 7.2 7.4 6.9 7,4 7.8

Train 5.8 7.0 7.8 7.5 7.9 7.9 7.8 6,6 7.9

Taxi 4.6 n.d. n.d. n.d. 7.0 7.7 6.5 7,4 7.9

Vehicle rental 7.1 7.5 6.8 7.3 7.7 7.7 7.5 8,4 8.0

Quality of tourist

attractions

Beaches 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 7,9 7.8

Landscapes. nature parks 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.9 8,6 8.2

Urban areas 7.2 7.1 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.5 7,8 8.0

Citizen safety 7.0 6.8 6.7 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.4 8.2 8.0

Healthcare 6.8 6.5 6.4 6.9 7.1 7.4 7.4 7.8 7.8

Customer services 7.3 7.0 7.0 7.4 7.8 7.9 8.2 8.9 8.4

Price/service relationship 7.4 7.3 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.5 7.6 8.7 8.2

Communications network 7.3 7.0 7.0 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.8

Cleanliness 6.5 6.1 6.2 6.7 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.8

Traffic levels 6.2 5.9 6.4 6.7 7.3 7.6 7.7 7.9 7.6

Tourist signposting 6.8 6.7 6.7 7.1 7.5 7.4 7.7 8.0 7.9

Tourist information 6.8 6.6 7.1 7.2 7.4 7.9 8.1 8.1 8.0

Cultural heritage 7.2 6.5 6.9 7.4 7.6 8.0 8.2 8.1 8.2

Golf infrastructures 7.2 7.0 6.8 7.6 7.5 7.7 8.2 8.0 8.0

Ports and nautical activities 7.2 6.6 7.1 7.8 7.3 7.6 7.6 7.8 7.9


MARKETS

7. Diversity of markets of origin.

7.1. Percentage distribution of total stayovers.

Fuente: INE. Hotel Occupancy Survey.

Year Locals Foreigners Total

2008 70.45 29.55 100.00

2009 74.33 25.67 100.00

2010 73.37 26.63 100.00

2011 74.62 25.38 100.00

2012 70.75 29.35 100.00

2013 74.82 25.18 100.00

2014 74.90 25.10 100.00

2015 72.52 27.48 100.00

2015‐Andalusia 49.15 50.85 100.00

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The market in the province of Huelva maintains a 70‐75% dependency on national tourism, a tendency towards a greater impact of international tourism not having been observed in this period.

7.2. National market. Percentage distribution of stayovers.

Year Andalusia C. of Madrid Extremadura Other Com. Total

2008 51.53 14.57 7.26 26.64 100.00

2009 49.56 15.46 8.17 26.81 100.00

2010 47.20 15.89 7.47 29.44 100.00

2011 47.25 16.36 8.34 28.05 100.00

2012 51.37 15.75 7.49 25.39 100.00

2013 44.81 15.12 7.95 32.12 100.00

2014 46.25 14.71 7.70 31.34 100.00

2015 45.49 14.11 7.61 (*) 32.79 100.00

(*) Exceed by Castilla‐Leon, with 7.76. Source: INE. Hotel Occupancy Survey (definitive data).

In summary, Andalusia and Madrid provide about 60% of Huelva's national tourism, the first of these providing almost half, though this figure is declining. In other words there exists a high concentration of demand. However, the three final years of the survey reveal a greater geographical diversification. Maintaining loyalty to these traditional markets is important, but so is the opening of new tourism influx markets.

7.3. International market. Percentage distribution of stayovers.

Year Germany Portugal UK Others Total

2008 35.92 12.21 22.60 29.27 100.00

2009 32.60 13.12 19.78 34.50 100.00

2010 27.81 17.63 18.27 36.29 100.00

2011 24.19 16.57 19.23 40.01 100.00

2012 21.90 11.46 21.14 45.50 100.00

2013 24.68 10.78 20.45 44.09 (a) 100.00

2014 24.82 13.62 20.08 41.48 (b) 100.00

2015 17.91 14.14 18.66 49.29 (c) 100.00

(a) France exceeds Portugal, with 13.20 %. (b) France exceeds Portugal, with 13.71 % (c) France exceeds Portugal, with 14.36 %.

Source: INE. Hotel Occupancy Survey (definitive data). These figures reveal a greater diversification in the markets of origin, with an abrupt fall in the German market and the emergence of France as the third largest market, overtaking Portugal. There can be no doubt that the prolonged crisis suffered by the country has had notable consequences, though it seems to be recovering.

8. Adjusting the capacity of the destination to demand.

The fall in demand, i.e. number of stayovers, in the 2008‐2015 period (15.0%) has produced a corresponding fall in the number of hotel beds, though this is less marked (2.4%). The year‐by‐year evolution, expressed in annual variation, is reflected in the following table, in which the behaviour of the 2015 term is of particular interest as it intensifies the trend that began in 2012.

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YEAR ∆ STAYOVERS (%) ∆ Nº BEDS (%)

2009 ‐0.34 1.12

2010 4.27 0.40

2011 ‐0.33 5.45

2012 ‐12.20 ‐1.05

2013 3.27 ‐0.84

2014 ‐0.32 ‐1.14

2015 1.43 ‐5.97


9. Profitability.

9.1. Huelva‐Costa de la Luz.

HUELVA‐COSTA DE LA LUZ

YEAR ADR (€) OCCUPANCY (%) RevPAR (€)

2010 73.5 53.3 39.1

2011 81.1 51.9 42.0

2012 82.0 50.3 41.2

2013 72.1 50.8 36.6

2014 76.7 53.2 40.6

2015 78.4 59.1 46.2

2015‐Cádiz‐Costa de la Luz 93.1 58.3 54.1

‐ADR: Average Daily Rate in €. ‐RevPAR: Revenue per Available Room in €.

Source: Exceltur. Barometer of Profitability and Employment in Spanish Tourism Destinations. 9.2. Huelva capital.

HUELVA CAPITAL

YEAR ADR (€) OCCUPANCY (%) RevPAR (€)

2008 65.8 47.3 31.1

2009 73.2 45.8 33.5

2010 66.9 47.3 31.7

2011 66.3 48.7 32.3

2012 61.3 43.0 26.3

2013 60.6 46.3 28.0

2014 56.9 46.1 26.2

2015 59.4 47.1 28.0

2015‐national average urban destinations 83.3 66.9 55.7

ADR: Average Daily Rate in €. ‐RevPAR: Revenue per Available Room in €.

Source: Exceltur. Barometer of Profitability and Employment in Spanish Tourism Destinations.

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9.3. Huelva province.

Evolution of Average Daily Spending and Total Spending generated by tourism.

Year Avg Daily Spending € Total Spending € (*)

2008 49.83 751,818,472

2009 47.61 626,349,542

2010 47.46 557,857,526

2011 46.92 529,132,676

2012 48.09 557,945,643

2013 47.30 646,548,870

2014 47.55 575,779,674

2015 51.55 (**) 801,863,936

(*) Total nº of tourists x avg stay x avg daily spending. (**)The lowest of all Andalusian provinces ‐the average of the Autonomous Community is 63.09€‐

Source: In‐house using data from IECA (Andalusian Tourism Situation Survey).

We can infer from this that the financial crisis (national and international, though mainly domestic) gradually reduced the profitability of sector companies up until 2011. And while 2012 and 2013 show some level of recovery, 2014 once again raised doubts regarding this consolidation. It would appear that 2015 was a year of definitive recovery, having revealed the highest total spending of the period in question. All factors have contributed to this recovery: greater number of tourists (1,874,105), increased daily spending (51.55 €) and increased average stay (8.3 days).

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PRODUCTS AND RESOURCES

10. Sun and beach tourism.

10.1. Costa de la Luz (hotels and camping grounds).

Establish. Concept 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Hotels

Visitors 904,123 879,701 884,228 871,436 768,973 804,123 771,538 747,996

Stayovers, 3,295,630 3,309,723 3,485,049 3,474,075 3,021,359 3,140,398 3,174,854 3,171,113

Avg stay. 3.65 3.76 3.94 3.99 3.93 3.91 4.11 4.24

% bed occupancy

52.53 51.95 53.48 50.33 45.47 46.70 46.90 51.33

Camping Grounds

Visitors 162,546 141,911 133,769 118,614 98,030 111,202 119,296 140,025

Stayovers, 747,813 767,574 721,977 561,488 534,298 483,232 935,288 567,426

Avg stay 4.60 5.41 5.40 4.73 5.45 4.35 7.84 4.05

% pitch occupancy

17.27 17.51 18.48 20.05 17.69 20.45 22.31 22.45

Nº / Pitches (annual avg.)

9 /5,685 9 /5,625 9 / 5,474 ‐‐‐ 6 / 4,085 6 / 3,766 ‐‐‐ 6 / 3,888

Personnel employed

(annual avg.)

155 154 137 ‐‐‐ 99 85 ‐‐‐ 89

Source: INE. Hotel and camping ground occupancy surveys (definitive data).

10.2. Percentage of blue flag beaches.

YEAR 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Nº 5 10 8 7 8 8 6 6

% 11.90 23.81 19.05 16.67 19.05 19.05 14.29 14.29

Source: in‐house using data from the Association for Environmental and Consumer Education (ADEAC).

10.3. Perception index.

Visit rating (1‐10)

Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Quality of tourism offer: beaches 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.7 7.9

Difference with respect to Andalusia 0.3 ‐0.1 ‐0.1 0.2 ‐0.1 ‐0.3 ‐0.4 0.1

Source: IECA (Andalusian Tourism Situation Survey). We should highlight the fact that, for the first time since 2008, the evaluation of beaches in the province of Huelva exceeds that of the average for Andalusia.

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11. Golf tourism.

11.1. Nº of holes per 1000 inhabitants and per 1000 hotel beds (2015).

(A) Nº holes

(B) Inhabitants (1000)

(A)/(B)Ratio

(C) Hotel beds (1000)

(A)/(C) Ratio

180 (*) 520,017 0.35 19,427 9.27

(*) 9 clubs ‐ 10 courses. Source: in‐house using data from the Royal Spanish Golfing Federation and the INE.



Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Golfing infrastructure 7.2 7.0 6.8 7.6 7.5 7.7 8.2 8.0

Difference with respect to Andalusia 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.1 ‐0.5 ‐0.4 0.0

Source: IECA (Andalusian Tourism Situation Survey). 12. Nautical tourism.

12.1. Nº of moorings per 1000 inhabitants (2015).

Nº moorings

Inhabitants (1000) Ratio

4.177 520,017 8.03

Source: in‐house using data from the Andalusian Public Ports Authority (APPA) and the INE.

12.2. Nº of marinas with blue flag (2015).

Nº 6 (*) MOORINGS 2981

TOTAL 10 TOTAL 4177

% 60 % 71.37

(*) Ayamonte, Marina Isla Canela –Ayamonte, Isla Cristina, Mazagón‐Palos de la Frontera, Punta Umbría and El Terrón – Lepe.

Source: in‐house using data from the Association for Environmental and Consumer Education (ADEAC) and the Andalusian Public Ports Authority (APPA).



Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Port and nautical activities 7.2 6.6 7.1 7.8 7.3 7.6 7.6 7.8

Difference with respect to Andalusia ‐0.1 0 0.3 0.1 ‐1.0 ‐1.0 ‐0.7 ‐0.1


13. Rural tourism.

13.1. Sierra de Aracena and Picos de Aroche Natural Park.

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Rural Tourism Accommodation

Visitors 13,797 11,821 10,301 11,309 12,236 13,340 19,420 24,700

Stayovers 37,814 31,558 31,849 32,167 30,827 33,191 46,862 57,558

Avg Stay 2.74 2.67 3.09 2.84 2.52 2.49 2.41 2.33

% Occupancy (rooms)

25.32 17.72 18.41 18.19 15.32 17.55 20.94 24.40

Source: INE. Rural tourism accommodation occupancy survey (definitive data).

13.2. Municipalities.

Establishments Concept 2013

(Almonaster)

2014

(Aracena)

2015

‐‐‐

Rural Tourism Accommodation

Visitors 752 5123 ‐‐‐

Stayovers 1320 10,798 ‐‐‐

Avg Stay 1.76 2.11 ‐‐‐

% Occupancy(rooms)

5.96 23.46 ‐‐‐

Source: INE. Rural tourism accommodation occupancy survey (definitive data).



Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Quality of tourism offer: Landscapes and natural parks

7.6 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.6 7.8 7.9 8.6



For the first time (during the period under analysis) this item is valued higher than the average for Andalusia.

14. Gastronomic tourism.

14.1. Nº of restaurants recommended by the Michelin Guide: 10.



Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Quality of tourism offer: Restoration 6.9 6.4 6.5 7.0 7.4 7.7 7.6 8.8



Once again (in the period analysed) the evaluation of this attribute of the province of Huelva is above that of the average for Andalusia.

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QUALITY OF LIFE

15. The impact of tourism on the economy.

The most recent evaluation of the impact is that provided by the Social and Economic Council of the Province of Huelva, which, in its Report 5‐2015, states the following: "This economic activity sector currently provides about 4% of the total GDP of the province directly, though its relative importance increases with the incorporation of indirect and induced effects, attaining as much as 9.8% of the GDP for the province" (in Andalusia this figure runs at about 12%) and a Gross Added Value (GAV) that, at a conservative estimate, "could be estimated at about 3.7% of the GDP for the province" (in Andalusia this figure is about 5.3% of the regional GDP).

From the point of view of employment the same source states that, "taking into consideration solely direct employment in tourism establishments (*), this represents slightly more than 1.62% of the total number of jobs in the province, while the average for Andalusia stands at about 1.29%."

(*) This refers to regulated accommodation establishments such as hotels, camping grounds, tourism apartments and rural accommodation.

16. Satisfaction with the community.

According to the latest survey carried out by Vargas, Porras and Plaza (2010), with statistical

representativeness at a provincial level1 and regarding the level of satisfaction of the local

population with their community, the level is shown to be low, reaching an average of 2.7 in

summer and 3.0 in winter, on a scale of 1 to 5. More specifically, over half those surveyed –

57% in August and 54% in February – expressed only average satisfaction, in other words

neither completely unsatisfied nor completely satisfied, a percentage that drops 15 points in

the off season, and just 6% expressed relative satisfaction in summer, a percentage that rises

to 24% in the winter months.

Broken down by concept, both in winter and in summer the lowest level of satisfaction is with

the economy (2.27 and 1.69, respectively), while the ranking for the remaining concepts varies

according to the season (high or low) but is always highest in winter, except in the case of the

healthcare system, which is higher in the summer season than in the winter season.

1 Focussing on the 15 municipalities with the highest level of tourist activity, in alphabetical order Almonte, Aracena, Ayamonte, Cartaya, Cortegana, Fuenteheridos, Huelva town, Isla Cristina, Lepe, Riotinto Mines, Moguer, Niebla, Palos de la Frontera, Punta Umbría and Sanlúcar de Guadiana.

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Ranking of the aspects that comprise satisfaction with the community

AUGUST 2009 FEBRUARY 2010

1st Satisfaction with the healthcare system (3.01)

1st Satisfaction with citizen participation and social opportunities (3.28)

2nd Satisfaction with citizen participation and social opportunities (2.73)

2nd General satisfaction with the environment (3.22)

3rd Satisfaction with public services (2.72) 3rd General satisfaction with leisure opportunities (3.02)

4th General satisfaction with leisure opportunities (2.66)

4th Satisfaction with public services (2.97)

5th General satisfaction with the environment (2.64)

5th Satisfaction with the healthcare system (2.85)

6th Satisfaction with the economy (1.69) 6th Satisfaction with the economy (2.27)

Source: Vargas, Porras and Plaza (2010).

END NOTE: “Quality, innovation and luxury is a natural, everyday way of looking in just one direction: Towards the Customer! (César Ritz, 1850‐1918, Swiss hotelier).

©Alfonso Vargas Sánchez (Universidad de Huelva)

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APPENDIX: EVOLUTION OF THE NUMBER OF VISITORS TO THE PRINCIPAL TOURIST

ATTRACTIONS IN HUELVA PROVINCE

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©Alfonso Vargas Sánchez (University of Huelva)

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El destino huelva durante la crisis 2008 2015-english