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Presentation on: Enforcement of Tobacco Control Laws by Hemant Goswami (Burning Brain Society)
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EnforcementEnforcementEnforcementEnforcementin in in in
Tobacco ControlTobacco ControlTobacco ControlTobacco Control
Challenges & Way Ahead Challenges & Way Ahead Challenges & Way Ahead Challenges & Way Ahead
The EnforcementThe EnforcementThe EnforcementThe Enforcement
Key to success of any Key to success of any Key to success of any Key to success of any
legislation depends on itlegislation depends on itlegislation depends on itlegislation depends on it’’’’s s s s
effectiveeffectiveeffectiveeffective
ENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENT�The�same�is�true�for�“Tobacco�Control” laws�too
�Unfortunately�enforcement�component�gets�very�
little�attention�and�not�much�work�has�been�done�
on�enforcement�of�tobacco�control�laws
Challenges of EnforcementChallenges of EnforcementChallenges of EnforcementChallenges of Enforcement
�Lack�of�awareness�about�the�rationale�of�the�
“tobacco�issue” and�about�tobacco�control�laws�
among�enforcers
�Lack�about�the�provisions�of�the�law�and�how�it�can�
be�connected�with�other�laws
�Lack�of�proper�training
�Perceived�low�importance�of�law
�Smokers�among�the�law�enforcers�who�have�diluted�
commitment�towards�the�law�
Enforcement DateEnforcement DateEnforcement DateEnforcement Date
Creating an appropriate enforcement date:
Why it is important?
�Gives�time�to�raise�the�compliance�to�a�certain�level�before�the�formal�announcement�comes
�Pushes�Tobacco�Control�into�the�priority�list
� It�puts�things�in�the�right�perspective
�Timelines�and�deadlines�give�the�sense�of�urgency�
�Allows�time�for�Public�Education�campaigns
�Allows�time�for�training�of�the�enforcers,�preparing�for�the�action�and�plugging�the�weak�links.
Fixing the modalitiesFixing the modalitiesFixing the modalitiesFixing the modalities
Questions which need to be answered before enforcement initiated?
� Which�all�agencies/departments�would�be�the�implementing�agencies�
for�the�law?
� Who�will�coordinate�between�different�departments�for�varied�
functionalities�of�enforcement?�The�agency/department�responsible�
for�delegation.
� What�additional�resources/funds�would�be�required?
� Who�will�prepare�the�guidelines�and�decide�the�enforcement�
procedures?
� Who�will�train�the�enforcers?
Enforcement proceduresEnforcement proceduresEnforcement proceduresEnforcement procedures
The Checklist
�Formed�a�central�unit�to�plan,�supervise�and�coordinate�activities
�Clearly�defined�agencies�to�implement�various�provisions�of�the�legislation
�Delegated�responsibilities,�assigned�roles�and�clear�guidelines�issued
�Created�a�proper�mechanism�and�trained�the�implementing�units�on�the�same
�Proper�enforcement�methods�defined
�Empowered�the�agencies�by�way�of�proper�orders/notification�and/or�rules
�Proper�provisions�for�providing�adequate�funding�and�resources��put�in�place
Taking Cognizance Taking Cognizance Taking Cognizance Taking Cognizance –––– Penal Penal Penal Penal
ProvisionsProvisionsProvisionsProvisions
�Simple�way�of�making�complaints�for�penal�action
�Easy�system�of�taking�cognizance/notice�of�
violation
�Well�defined�procedure�on�initiating�prosecution�and�
levying�penalties
Taking Cognizance Taking Cognizance Taking Cognizance Taking Cognizance –––– Penal Penal Penal Penal
ProvisionsProvisionsProvisionsProvisions
�Defining�the�courts/judicial�bodies�empowered�to�try
�Compounding�mechanism�for�petty�offences�under�the�law
�Clearly�defining�officers�who�are�empowered�to�compound�
the�offences
�Defining�the�ways/methods�by�which�of�fines/penalties�are�
to�be�collected�and�deposited�in�government�treasury
Guiding Guiding Guiding Guiding –––– Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring ––––
Corrective ActionsCorrective ActionsCorrective ActionsCorrective Actions
� Place�a�system�of�monitoring�of�violations�in�place
� A�procedure�for�compliance�checking
� Regular�reporting�and�centralised�monitoring�point
� Collection�of�statistics�and�keeping�a�record�of�offenders�and�
violations
USING�THE�MONITORING�INFORMATION�FOR
� Realigning�partners�at�regular�intervals
� Retraining�
� Training�and�sensitising�the�new�partners
� Documenting�successes�and�good�practice
� Identifying�bottle-necks�and�plugging�them
Compliance Vs. EnforcementCompliance Vs. EnforcementCompliance Vs. EnforcementCompliance Vs. Enforcement
DifferentiateDifferentiateDifferentiateDifferentiate between compliance and enforcement and
develop a procedure to keep separate record of both –
compliance and enforcement are interdependent but good
compliance is no reason to be complacent – Low level and
irregular enforcement will eventually lead to low
compliance; and vice versa
COMPLIANCE:
When�people�obey�the�law�and�follow�it�voluntary
ENFORCEMENT:
When�an�agency�empowered�to�act�under�the�Act�has�
to�take�corrective�action/penal�action�and�
prosecute/penalise�the�violators
EnforcementEnforcementEnforcementEnforcement
Way AheadWay AheadWay AheadWay Ahead
�Building�a�strategic�media�communication�plan�to�
generate�pointed�public�opinion�and�sensitize�law�
enforcers
�Training�the�law�enforcers
�Ensuring�a�proper�and�effective�system�of�
continuous�monitoring�of�enforcement�is�in�place
�Regular�sensitization,�training�and�monitoring�to�
keep�things�on�track
Way AheadWay AheadWay AheadWay Ahead
�Standardize�enforcement�procedures,�forms�and�
records,�systematic�recordkeeping,�and�tracking�of�
compliance�data.
�Establish�a�complaints�procedure�to�receive�reports�
of�violations�and�follow�them�up.
�Ensure�sufficient�legal�and�other�staff�to�review�
violations�and�ensure�they�are�acted�upon.
Way AheadWay AheadWay AheadWay Ahead
� Establish�a�mechanism�for�evaluating�the�effectiveness�of�
the�inspection�and�enforcement�process.�For�example,�the�
number�of�inspections,�number�of�cases�taken�forward,�
number�successfully�prosecuted,�data�trends,�and�results�
reporting,�should�all�be�tracked.
� Incorporate�inspections�for�tobacco�control�into�other�
programmed�inspections�where�legally�possible�and�
feasible.�For�example,�smoke-free�law�can�be�incorporated�
into�health�and�safety,�municipal�laws,�food�safety,�
consumer�safety,�building�control,�and�licensing�inspections.
Prioritizing EnforcementPrioritizing EnforcementPrioritizing EnforcementPrioritizing Enforcement
Developing�a�strategic�priority�of�enforcement
- Categorize�offences�and�connect�to�other�criminal�laws
- Developing�a�different�level�of�seriousness�for�each�
category�of�offences
- Identifying�separate�enforcement�officers�for�different�level
- Violations�relating�to�product�promotion�and�advertising
- Sale�to�Minors,�etc.
- Public�Smoking
- Monitoring
FOCUSFOCUSFOCUSFOCUS
Remember:Remember:Remember:Remember:
Key to success of Tobacco Key to success of Tobacco Key to success of Tobacco Key to success of Tobacco
Control legislation depends Control legislation depends Control legislation depends Control legislation depends
on iton iton iton it’’’’s effectives effectives effectives effective
ENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENT