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Enzymes Review!

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Enzymes are what type of macromolecule?

Protein

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Enzymes _______________ Enzymes _______________

the rate of a reactionthe rate of a reaction

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Increase / speed up

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This diagram shows what special This diagram shows what special property of enzymes?property of enzymes?

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That enzymes LOWER THE ACTIVATION

ENERGY

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Enzymes bind to these. They are also known as reactants in a chemical reaction.

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Substrates

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What physically happens to an What physically happens to an

enzyme when it is “denatured”enzyme when it is “denatured”

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It is literally bent out of shape.

They lose their original shape

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Your hand is bitten by a spider that injects an enzyme that causes cell death. How can you

best stop or slow down cell death?

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Change the environment

(pH, temperature, ionic conditions) that surround the enzyme

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The lock-and-key model of enzymes The lock-and-key model of enzymes shows that enzymes only fit with. . .shows that enzymes only fit with. . .

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A specific substrate

(enzymes are substrate- specific!)

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In the following reaction, what are the products?

H2O2 ----> O2 + H2O

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O2 + H2O

catalase

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Amylase is an enzyme that works in the Amylase is an enzyme that works in the mouth where the pH is around 7. When mouth where the pH is around 7. When saliva is swallowed and travels to the saliva is swallowed and travels to the

stomach where the pH is acidic around stomach where the pH is acidic around 2, what will happen to the enzymatic 2, what will happen to the enzymatic

activity of amylase?activity of amylase?

It will decrease!

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What are the three environmental factors that affect the activity of the enzyme?

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Temperature, pH, and ionic conditions

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Enzymes usually work better at warmer Enzymes usually work better at warmer temperatures, but when they get too temperatures, but when they get too

hot, what happens to them?hot, what happens to them?

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They get denatured

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What happens to enzymes after they help What happens to enzymes after they help catalyze the reaction?catalyze the reaction?

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Nothing! They are re-usable