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Slides from lesson on Fallacy & Presenting & Outlining Findings
Citation preview
Types of Logical Types of Logical FallaciesFallacies
Types of Logical Types of Logical FallaciesFallacies
Hasty Generalisation
Sergey BrinCo-founder of Google
False analogy
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• Affirming the Consequent
• Denying the Antecedent
• Logical Inconsistency
If A is true, then B is true. B is stated to be true. Therefore, A must be true.
ExampleIf I am a human then I am a mammal. I am a mammal. Therefore, I am a human.
Non sequitur
• Affirming the Consequent
• Denying the Antecedent
• Logical Inconsistency
ExampleIf I am in Tokyo, I am in Japan. I am not in Tokyo. Therefore, I am not in Japan.
Non sequitur
If A then B.Not A.Therefore, not B.
• Affirming the Consequent
• Denying the Antecedent
• Logical Inconsistency
Mary is taller than Jane, and Jane is taller than Fiona, while Fiona is taller than Mary.
Non sequitur
Begging the question
Rising ERP charges begs the question
to buy that car or not?
Begging the question
Democracy must be the best form of government because the majority is always right
Your resume looks impressive but I need another reference.
Good. But how do I know that Jill is trustworthy?
Jill can give me a good reference.Certainly. I can vouch for her.
Unproven premise for argument to justify the war in Iraq:1) Saddam has WMD; and2) Saddam has a cooperative relationship with al-Quaida
Outlining & Presenting
Your Findings
PurposePurpose:
• To examine whether NUS students experience anxiety about their future
• To investigate the sources of anxiety
Anxiety about the future
Methodology
Personal• Competitiveness• Lack of direction
• Job-related• Material wealth-related
• Fear of failure
Societal• Society’s expectations
Familial• Parent’s expectations
• Siblings’ example
Questionnaire Survey• 5-point Likert Scale• 15 questions to test anxiety
Interviews
Findings
2.1 Extent of anxiety about future
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
HighAnxiety
ModerateAnxiety
LowAnxiety
Medicine
Business
Engineering
Findings
2.2 Sources of anxiety
2.2.1 Competiveness
2.2.2 Lack of direction
2.2.3 Fear of failure
Personal
Familial
Societal
Personal• Competitiveness• Lack of direction
• Job-related• Material wealth-related
• Fear of failure
Findings
2.2 Sources of anxiety
2.2.1 Competiveness
The most common source of anxiety cited by the interviewees ….. This was articulated by the following students:
I’m worried that my friends will get better-paying jobs than me, then very malu one leh. (Extract 1)
I want to be the first among my friends to earn my first million. That is my goal. Die die must achieve. (Extract 2)
General summary
Excerpt
Findings
2.1 Extent of anxiety about the future
2.2 Sources of anxiety
2.2.1 Competiveness
2.2.2 Lack of direction
2.2.3 Fear of failure
Findings
2.1 Survey Results
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.2 Focus Group Results
2.2.1
2.2.2
Findings
2.1 Problem
2.2 Suggested Solutions
2.2.1 Questionnaire findings
2.2.2 Interview findings
Findings
2.1 Problem
2.2 Suggested Solutions
2.2.1 Increase commission
2.2.2 Performance-based bonus
2.2.3 Well-defined career path