German ChristmasGerman Christmas

Rebecca GorgitzaRebecca Gorgitza

Table of ContentsTable of Contents

Introduction ……….. Slide 3Introduction ……….. Slide 3 Gift Giving ………..… Slide 4Gift Giving ………..… Slide 4 Christmas Trees......... Slide 6Christmas Trees......... Slide 6 Christmas Songs…….. Slide 8Christmas Songs…….. Slide 8 Christmas Dinner…..... Slide 14Christmas Dinner…..... Slide 14 Dessert…………………. Slide 15Dessert…………………. Slide 15 Festive Drinks……......… Slide 18Festive Drinks……......… Slide 18 Christmas Market…..….... Slide 21Christmas Market…..….... Slide 21 Sources Cited…………….. Slide 22Sources Cited…………….. Slide 22

IntroductionIntroduction

Christmas in Germany is a very special Christmas in Germany is a very special holiday. It has been celebrated for many holiday. It has been celebrated for many centuries as a religious holiday. centuries as a religious holiday. Recently, as it has in Canada, Christmas Recently, as it has in Canada, Christmas has morphed from a strictly religious has morphed from a strictly religious holiday to a day to decorate a Christmas holiday to a day to decorate a Christmas tree, give gifts, have special foods, and tree, give gifts, have special foods, and celebrate family and giving.celebrate family and giving.

Gift GivingGift Giving

Though St. Nicholas day, Though St. Nicholas day, the 6th of December, was the 6th of December, was originally the day gifts originally the day gifts were received (mainly by were received (mainly by children), gift-giving on children), gift-giving on Christmas as well as St. Christmas as well as St. Nicholas day is common. Nicholas day is common. The gifts children receive The gifts children receive are said to come from are said to come from Christkind (Christ Child) or Christkind (Christ Child) or Weihnachtsmann (Santa Weihnachtsmann (Santa Claus). Claus).

Gift GivingGift Giving

It is tradition to open It is tradition to open presents on the night of presents on the night of the 24th, unlike in the 24th, unlike in Canada where most Canada where most people must wait until people must wait until the morning of the 25th. the morning of the 25th. The presents are placed The presents are placed in stockings hung at the in stockings hung at the ends of beds, on the ends of beds, on the mantle, or placed under mantle, or placed under Christmas trees. Christmas trees.

Christmas Trees:Christmas Trees:A HistoryA History

Christmas Trees are another popular symbol of Christmas in Christmas Trees are another popular symbol of Christmas in Germany. People have been decorating trees for Christmas since Germany. People have been decorating trees for Christmas since the 16th century in Germany. Christmas trees were originally the 16th century in Germany. Christmas trees were originally used in plays to represent the apple tree, called the paradise tree, used in plays to represent the apple tree, called the paradise tree, biblical figure Eve stole the forbidden fruit from. Soon, paradise biblical figure Eve stole the forbidden fruit from. Soon, paradise trees became an in-home decoration on the 24th and 25th of trees became an in-home decoration on the 24th and 25th of December. December.

•Paradise trees were decorated with apples and cookies

Decorating the TreeDecorating the Tree

A tradition that still persists is A tradition that still persists is that the Christmas tree is not that the Christmas tree is not to be decorated until the eve to be decorated until the eve of the 24th which is the day of of the 24th which is the day of Adam and Eve. Trees are Adam and Eve. Trees are decorated with lights and decorated with lights and tinsel and other ornaments, tinsel and other ornaments, same as in Canada. There same as in Canada. There are even Christmas songs are even Christmas songs about Christmas trees, such about Christmas trees, such as as ““Oh TannenbaumOh Tannenbaum”” (Tannenbaum actually means (Tannenbaum actually means fir tree, not Christmas tree! fir tree, not Christmas tree! The English version of the The English version of the song is incorrect to start with song is incorrect to start with ““Oh Christmas treeOh Christmas tree””))

Christmas SongsChristmas Songs

There are quite a few German Christmas There are quite a few German Christmas carols dating from the 16th century to the carols dating from the 16th century to the present. Most relate to the religious meaning present. Most relate to the religious meaning of Christmas such as of Christmas such as ““Lasst uns froh und Lasst uns froh und munter seinmunter sein”” ( (““Let Us Be Happy And Cheerful) Let Us Be Happy And Cheerful) (*this song is traditionally sung then eve before (*this song is traditionally sung then eve before St. Nicholas day), St. Nicholas day), ““Ihr Kinderlein, kommtIhr Kinderlein, kommt”” ((““Oh, Come, Little ChildrenOh, Come, Little Children””), and ), and ““Es ist fEs ist füür r uns eine Zeit angekommenuns eine Zeit angekommen”” (Unto us a time (Unto us a time has come).has come).

Es ist fEs ist füür uns eine Zeit r uns eine Zeit angekommenangekommen

Es ist für uns eine Zeit angekommen,Es ist für uns eine Zeit angekommen,es ist für uns eine große Gnad'.es ist für uns eine große Gnad'.Unser Heiland, Jesus Christ,Unser Heiland, Jesus Christ,der für uns, der für uns, der für uns der für uns, der für uns, der für uns Mensch geworden ist.Mensch geworden ist.

In der Krippe muss er liegen,In der Krippe muss er liegen,und wenn's der härteste Felsen wär':und wenn's der härteste Felsen wär':Zwischen Ochs' und EseleinZwischen Ochs' und Eseleinliegst du, liegst du, liegst du armes liegst du, liegst du, liegst du armes Jesulein.Jesulein.

Drei König' kamen, ihn zu suchen,Drei König' kamen, ihn zu suchen,der Stern führt' sie nach Bethlehem.der Stern führt' sie nach Bethlehem.Kron' und Zepter legten sie ab,Kron' und Zepter legten sie ab,brachten ihm, brachten ihm, brachten brachten ihm, brachten ihm, brachten ihm ihre reiche Gab'ihm ihre reiche Gab'

Unto us a time has come,Unto us a time has come,it is a great grace for us.it is a great grace for us.Our saviour, Jesus Christ,Our saviour, Jesus Christ,has become man for us.has become man for us.

In the cradle he must lie,In the cradle he must lie,and if it were the hardest rock:and if it were the hardest rock:Between ox and assBetween ox and assyou lie, poor little Jesus.you lie, poor little Jesus.

Three kings came to seek for Three kings came to seek for him,him,the star led them to the star led them to Bethlehem.Bethlehem.Crown and sceptres they put Crown and sceptres they put down,down,brought him their rich gift. brought him their rich gift.

Christmas DinnerChristmas Dinner In most places in Germany, it is common for a In most places in Germany, it is common for a

family to have a simple meal consisting of family to have a simple meal consisting of more common German foods such as sausage more common German foods such as sausage and macaroni salad on Christmas Eve (the and macaroni salad on Christmas Eve (the 2424thth). The 25). The 25thth, however, is a feast. Of course, , however, is a feast. Of course, the date on which a fancy dinner is served the date on which a fancy dinner is served varies from region to region and family to varies from region to region and family to family. family.

What to Eat….What to Eat….

Traditional Christmas dinners include roast goose and Traditional Christmas dinners include roast goose and roast carp, red cabbage, potato dumplings. This is roast carp, red cabbage, potato dumplings. This is followed by many treats such as Marzipan (a followed by many treats such as Marzipan (a confection made mainly of sugar and almond meal) , confection made mainly of sugar and almond meal) , Lebkuchen (spice bars), and various fruit cakes or fruit Lebkuchen (spice bars), and various fruit cakes or fruit breads. breads.

Christmas Day Dinner: Christmas Day Dinner: A FeastA Feast

Traditional Christmas Day Traditional Christmas Day dinners include:dinners include:

GGäänsebratennsebraten ( (roast goose) roast goose) roast carproast carp

•red cabbage•roasted potatoes.

Rinse bird inside and out, and drain well. The wingsRinse bird inside and out, and drain well. The wingsmay be removed at the second joint or tied flat againstmay be removed at the second joint or tied flat againstthe body. Removed wing pieces can be cooked withthe body. Removed wing pieces can be cooked withgiblets. giblets.

To make the stuffing, combine the bread cubes,To make the stuffing, combine the bread cubes,apples, and raisins in a large bowl. Mix he sugar withapples, and raisins in a large bowl. Mix he sugar withthe salt, cinnamon, and allspice; sprinkle this over thethe salt, cinnamon, and allspice; sprinkle this over thebread mixture and toss well. Stir in water and butter.bread mixture and toss well. Stir in water and butter.Fill the neck and body cavity loosely with stuffing.Fill the neck and body cavity loosely with stuffing.Fasten the neck skin to the back of the goose with aFasten the neck skin to the back of the goose with askewer.skewer.

Place goose, breast side up, on a rack in a roastingPlace goose, breast side up, on a rack in a roastingpan. Insert a meat thermometer deep into inside thighpan. Insert a meat thermometer deep into inside thighMuscle without touching the bone. Roast, uncovered,Muscle without touching the bone. Roast, uncovered,for 1 hour in 400F oven. It is not necessary to baste. for 1 hour in 400F oven. It is not necessary to baste.

During roasting, spoon or siphon off accumulatingDuring roasting, spoon or siphon off accumulatingfat at half hour intervals so that the fat does not brownfat at half hour intervals so that the fat does not brownexcessively. excessively.

After roasting for 1 hour, reduce oven temperatureAfter roasting for 1 hour, reduce oven temperatureto 325F and continue cooking for 1½ - 2 hours, or untilto 325F and continue cooking for 1½ - 2 hours, or untilThermometer registers 180-185F. Stuffing temperatureThermometer registers 180-185F. Stuffing temperatureshould also be checked and register 165F.should also be checked and register 165F.

Roast Goose with Roast Goose with German-Style Sweet German-Style Sweet Stuffing:Stuffing:

Ingredients:Ingredients: 1 goose, fresh or frozen 8-10 1 goose, fresh or frozen 8-10

poundspoundsStuffing:Stuffing: 6 cups day-old bread, cut into 6 cups day-old bread, cut into

cubescubes 3 cups chopped apples3 cups chopped apples 1 cup raisins1 cup raisins ½ cup sugar½ cup sugar 1 teaspoon salt1 teaspoon salt ½ teaspoon cinnamon½ teaspoon cinnamon 1 teaspoon allspice1 teaspoon allspice ½ cup water½ cup water ¼ cup melted butter¼ cup melted butterDirections:Directions:If goose is frozen, thaw it. RemoveIf goose is frozen, thaw it. RemoveThe neck and giblets from theThe neck and giblets from thebody cavity; cook thembody cavity; cook themimmediately in enough saltedimmediately in enough saltedwater to cover and reserve forwater to cover and reserve foranother use. Remove excess fatanother use. Remove excess fatFrom the body cavity and neckFrom the body cavity and neckskin. Reserve this fat and render itskin. Reserve this fat and render itfor use in other cooking. for use in other cooking.

German-Style Red CabbageGerman-Style Red CabbageIngredientsIngredients 1 medium onion, sliced1 medium onion, sliced 1 unpeeled apple, sliced1 unpeeled apple, sliced 1 medium red cabbage, shredded1 medium red cabbage, shredded 1/3 cup 1/3 cup sugarsugar 1/3 cup 1/3 cup white vinegarwhite vinegar 3/4 teaspoon 3/4 teaspoon salt, optionalsalt, optional 1/4 teaspoon 1/4 teaspoon pepperpepper DirectionsDirections Coat the inside of a large Dutch Coat the inside of a large Dutch

oven with cooking spray. Saute oven with cooking spray. Saute onion and apple until tender. Add all onion and apple until tender. Add all remaining ingredients. Cover and remaining ingredients. Cover and cook until tender, about 1 hour. cook until tender, about 1 hour. Serve hot or cold. (Serve hot or cold. (Yield: Yield: 10 10 servings.)servings.)

Potato DumplingsPotato DumplingsIngredientsIngredients 1 lb. potatoes 1 lb. potatoes 2 eggs2 eggs Nutmeg Nutmeg Salt Salt DirectionsDirections Boil and mash half of the potatoes. Boil and mash half of the potatoes.

Grate the other raw potatoes and Grate the other raw potatoes and squeeze out liquid. Combine all the squeeze out liquid. Combine all the potatoes with the eggs and season potatoes with the eggs and season with nutmeg and salt. Shape dough with nutmeg and salt. Shape dough into large round dumplings and cook into large round dumplings and cook in boiling water. in boiling water.

German Side-DishesGerman Side-Dishes

DessertDessert

Dinner is followed by many treats such as Dinner is followed by many treats such as Marzipan (a confection made mainly of sugar Marzipan (a confection made mainly of sugar and almond meal) , Lebkuchen (spice bars), and almond meal) , Lebkuchen (spice bars), pudding, and/or various fruit cakes or fruit pudding, and/or various fruit cakes or fruit breads.breads.

Stollen Bread and Butter PuddingStollen Bread and Butter PuddingIngredients:Ingredients: 1 lb 2 oz (500 grams) German Stollen1 lb 2 oz (500 grams) German Stollen 2 ounces butter, softened for spreading2 ounces butter, softened for spreading 3 1/2 ounces canned cherries in syrup, 3 1/2 ounces canned cherries in syrup,

drained (optional)drained (optional) For the custard:For the custard: 2 medium eggs plus 2 egg yolks2 medium eggs plus 2 egg yolks 8 ounces heavy whipping cream8 ounces heavy whipping cream 12 ounces milk12 ounces milk 3 to 4 tablespoons superfine sugar3 to 4 tablespoons superfine sugar 1/8 teaspoon almond extract1/8 teaspoon almond extract

Preparation:Preparation:Slice the Stollen thinly and spread oneSlice the Stollen thinly and spread one

side with butter. Stack in slightlyside with butter. Stack in slightlyangled layers in a large lightly butteredangled layers in a large lightly butteredoven proof dish. Scatter cherries inoven proof dish. Scatter cherries inbetween layers, if desired. Beat thebetween layers, if desired. Beat theeggs and the yolks with the cream,eggs and the yolks with the cream,milk, superfine sugar and the almondmilk, superfine sugar and the almondextract. Slowly pour over the Stollenextract. Slowly pour over the Stollenslices, pressing them down into theslices, pressing them down into theliquid so they are well soaked.liquid so they are well soaked.

Refrigerate for one to two hoursRefrigerate for one to two hoursor until custard mixture is absorbed.or until custard mixture is absorbed.Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. PlacePreheat oven to 350 degrees F. Placethe dish in a roasting pan and whenthe dish in a roasting pan and whenready to bake, pour in boiling water toready to bake, pour in boiling water tocome halfway up the baking dish sides.come halfway up the baking dish sides.

Carefully place in the oven and bake forCarefully place in the oven and bake forabout 40 minutes or until the top is lightabout 40 minutes or until the top is lightgolden brown and crisp. Cool for 10 to 15golden brown and crisp. Cool for 10 to 15minutes before serving, sprinkledminutes before serving, sprinkledwith the powdered sugar.with the powdered sugar.

Bratäpfel mit Marzipan und Bratäpfel mit Marzipan und MoosbeerenMoosbeeren ((Baked Apples with Baked Apples with Marzipan and Cranberry)Marzipan and Cranberry)

Ingredients:Ingredients: 4 large, firm, tart apples such as 4 large, firm, tart apples such as

McIntosh, or HoneycrispMcIntosh, or Honeycrisp 3 tablespoons German red currant 3 tablespoons German red currant

jellyjelly 1/4 cup halved fresh cranberries1/4 cup halved fresh cranberries 1 teaspoon ground cinnamon, divided1 teaspoon ground cinnamon, divided 1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg1/4 teaspoon ground nutmeg 1/4 cup chopped or grated German 1/4 cup chopped or grated German

marzipanmarzipan 1 (4-ounce) tub sour cream1 (4-ounce) tub sour cream 2 tablespoons confectioners' sugar2 tablespoons confectioners' sugar

Preparation:Preparation: Using an apple corer, remove each apple's Using an apple corer, remove each apple's

core. Use the corer to carve out a wider core. Use the corer to carve out a wider hole. Using the tip of a paring knife, score hole. Using the tip of a paring knife, score around the middle of each apple. This will around the middle of each apple. This will help the apples keep their shape while help the apples keep their shape while baking.baking.

Preheat oven to 325 degrees F. Place Preheat oven to 325 degrees F. Place currant jelly in a saucepan, and cook on low currant jelly in a saucepan, and cook on low heat, letting it thin to a syrupy consistency. heat, letting it thin to a syrupy consistency. Stir in cranberries, letting them barely cook Stir in cranberries, letting them barely cook for a minute or so. Stir in 1/2 teaspoon for a minute or so. Stir in 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon and nutmeg. Let mixture cool and cinnamon and nutmeg. Let mixture cool and become firm.become firm.

Press a bit of marzipan into each apple Press a bit of marzipan into each apple cavity. Spoon in some cranberry mixture. cavity. Spoon in some cranberry mixture. Add more marzipan, then more cranberry Add more marzipan, then more cranberry mixture and so on until cavities are filled, mixture and so on until cavities are filled, letting cranberry mixture be on top. Bake 45 letting cranberry mixture be on top. Bake 45 minutes to 1 hour, basting every 15 minutes minutes to 1 hour, basting every 15 minutes with pan juices, until skins are lightly with pan juices, until skins are lightly wrinkled and flesh is soft.wrinkled and flesh is soft.

Stir together sour cream, confectioners' Stir together sour cream, confectioners' sugar and remaining cinnamon; serve this sugar and remaining cinnamon; serve this mixture alongside apples.mixture alongside apples.

Festive DrinksFestive Drinks

There are a variety of alcoholic and non alcoholicThere are a variety of alcoholic and non alcoholic

Beverages that are drunk at Christmastime in Germany.Beverages that are drunk at Christmastime in Germany.

Among the most popular are:Among the most popular are: Feuerzangenbowle, a hot mulled wine with high percentage Feuerzangenbowle, a hot mulled wine with high percentage

alcohol rum all light on fire, alcohol rum all light on fire, Glühwein, consisting of mulled wine and a shot of brandy Glühwein, consisting of mulled wine and a shot of brandy

served in a ceramic mug which was specifically designed for served in a ceramic mug which was specifically designed for German Christmas MarketsGerman Christmas Markets

Kinderpunsch, a non alcoholic beverage for those who are Kinderpunsch, a non alcoholic beverage for those who are under 16 years of age.under 16 years of age.

Alcoholic BeveragesAlcoholic BeveragesFeuerzangenbowleFeuerzangenbowleIngredientsIngredients 2 organic oranges2 organic oranges 2 organic lemons2 organic lemons 2 bottles dry red wine2 bottles dry red wine 1 cinnamon stick1 cinnamon stick 5 cloves5 cloves 1 pinch ginger (ground)1 pinch ginger (ground) 1 sugar cone1 sugar cone 2 cups brown rum (at least 54% alcohol)2 cups brown rum (at least 54% alcohol) Preparation:Preparation:Wash oranges and lemons thoroughly, pat dryWash oranges and lemons thoroughly, pat dryAnd Cut into slices or wedges. In a large potAnd Cut into slices or wedges. In a large potCombine red wine, oranges, lemons cinnamon,Combine red wine, oranges, lemons cinnamon,cloves and ginger.cloves and ginger.Heat slowly making sure it does not come to aHeat slowly making sure it does not come to aboil. Remove pot from heat and place on a heatboil. Remove pot from heat and place on a heatSource (such as from a Fondue set). Place sugarSource (such as from a Fondue set). Place sugarCone into metal holder ("Feuerzange"). SoakCone into metal holder ("Feuerzange"). Soaksugar cone with rum and carefully light it. Thesugar cone with rum and carefully light it. Thesugar will melt and drip into the wine.sugar will melt and drip into the wine.Little by little start adding more rum to the sugarLittle by little start adding more rum to the sugarCone using along-handled ladle. Once the sugarCone using along-handled ladle. Once the sugarCone and rum have completely burned off, gentlyCone and rum have completely burned off, gentlystir the concoction and serve in mugs orstir the concoction and serve in mugs orheatproof glasses.heatproof glasses.

GlühweinGlühweinIngredientsIngredients Caster sugar (start with about 2 cups, add to Caster sugar (start with about 2 cups, add to

taste)taste) 6 - 8 Cinnamon sticks6 - 8 Cinnamon sticks Whole clovesWhole cloves 2 Oranges2 Oranges Whole allspiceWhole allspice 2 cups of orange juice2 cups of orange juice Brandy, sweet sherry or port (optional)Brandy, sweet sherry or port (optional)Preparation:Preparation:Pour the red wine into a large pot and heat onPour the red wine into a large pot and heat onvery low heat – you must not let the wine boil.very low heat – you must not let the wine boil.Cut the oranges into slices and then put about 4Cut the oranges into slices and then put about 4cloves into each slice. Put them in with thecloves into each slice. Put them in with thewine.wine.Break the cinnamon sticks into halves, putBreak the cinnamon sticks into halves, putthem in the wine as well as 10 of the whole allthem in the wine as well as 10 of the whole allspice.spice.Add in the sherry or port as well as 2 cups ofAdd in the sherry or port as well as 2 cups oforange juice.orange juice.Add in 2 cups of sugar and stir.Add in 2 cups of sugar and stir.Stir on and off for about 30 mins. Taste, addingStir on and off for about 30 mins. Taste, addingsugar as needed. Let it cook for about 30 minssugar as needed. Let it cook for about 30 minsmore, never letting it boil.more, never letting it boil.

KinderpunschKinderpunsch

The legal drinking age in GermanyThe legal drinking age in Germanyis: is: 14 when parents are present,14 when parents are present, 16 if you are only drinking beer 16 if you are only drinking beer

or wine,or wine, 18 if you are drinking spirits. 18 if you are drinking spirits. So, of course, there is a nonSo, of course, there is a nonalcoholic alternative.alcoholic alternative.Kinderpunsch is a tasty, kidKinderpunsch is a tasty, kidfriendly version of mulled wine.friendly version of mulled wine.

IngredientsIngredients 2 cups of cherry juice 2 cups of cherry juice 2 cups of orange juice 2 cups of orange juice 2 cups of cranberry or cranberry-2 cups of cranberry or cranberry-

apple juice apple juice 3 tablespoons of raw brown sugar or 3 tablespoons of raw brown sugar or

more to taste more to taste 5 cloves 5 cloves 1 star anise 1 star anise 1 cinnamon stick 1 cinnamon stick 3 tablespoons dried orange zest 3 tablespoons dried orange zest

chunks chunks PreparationPreparation Place all ingredients in a pan; stir, Place all ingredients in a pan; stir,

and simmer (do not boil) until the and simmer (do not boil) until the spices fall to the bottom of the pot. spices fall to the bottom of the pot. Add additional amounts of Add additional amounts of seasonings if desired. Pour through seasonings if desired. Pour through into sieve and into mugsinto sieve and into mugs

Christmas MarketChristmas Market

If you want to experience the fun of German Christmas, a If you want to experience the fun of German Christmas, a German Christmas Market is the place to go. At German German Christmas Market is the place to go. At German Christmas Markets you will find venders selling traditional Christmas Markets you will find venders selling traditional foods, toys, specialty items, gifts, and souvenirs. Traditional foods, toys, specialty items, gifts, and souvenirs. Traditional music is played, and there willmusic is played, and there will be dancing! A Christmas be dancing! A Christmas pageant may be held, and history on the holiday as well as pageant may be held, and history on the holiday as well as local culture will surely be a large part of the Market. If you local culture will surely be a large part of the Market. If you can’t visit a Christmas Market in Germany, many countries, can’t visit a Christmas Market in Germany, many countries, including Canada put on German-style Christmas Markets. including Canada put on German-style Christmas Markets. In fact, there is even one held in Downtown Vancouver!In fact, there is even one held in Downtown Vancouver!

Froehliche WeihnachtenFroehliche Weihnachten

Sources CitedSources Cited

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_tree, December 20, 2011, December 20, 2011 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Eve, December 20, 2011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Eve, December 20, 2011 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihr_Kinderlein_kommet, December 21, 2011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihr_Kinderlein_kommet, December 21, 2011 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es_ist_f%C3%BCr_uns_eine_Zeit_angekommen, December 21, 2011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Es_ist_f%C3%BCr_uns_eine_Zeit_angekommen, December 21, 2011 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christmas_carols, December 21, 2011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christmas_carols, December 21, 2011 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_dinner#Germany, December 21, 2011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_dinner#Germany, December 21, 2011 Pic 1 Pic 1

http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_uBgHgDF0Nd4/TTsIdpZqCxI/AAAAAAAAAHQ/rzrWrCO_n-0/s1600/Weihnachtsmann.gif, January 3, 2012, January 3, 2012

Pic 2 Pic 2 http://www.familychristmasonline.com/stories_other/night_before_christmas/stockings_were_hung.jpg, January 3, 2012, January 3, 2012

Pic 3 Pic 3 http://www.artrox.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Christmas-trees1.jpg, January 3, 2012, January 3, 2012 Pic 4 Pic 4 http://freytagsfloristblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/berlin-germany1.jpg, January 3, , January 3,

20122012 Pic 5 Pic 5 http://www.bavaria-info.com/images/germansausages.jpg, January 3, 2012, January 3, 2012 Pic 6 Pic 6 http://www.hall-net.eu/Blog/files/christmas_dinner.jpg, January 4, 2012, January 4, 2012 Pic 7 Pic 7 http://www.examiner.com/ethnic-foods-in-baltimore/roast-goose-photo, January 4, 2012, January 4, 2012 Pic 8 Pic 8 http://hostedmedia.reimanpub.com/TOH/Images/Photos/37/exps4307_remnd91p37dtran.jpg, ,

January 4, 2012January 4, 2012

Sources CitedSources Cited

http://www.tasteofhome.com/Recipes/German-Red-Cabbage, January 5, 2012, January 5, 2012 http://www.germanfoods.org/consumer/recipes/goosebreast.cfm, January 5, 2012http://www.germanfoods.org/consumer/recipes/goosebreast.cfm, January 5, 2012 Pic 9 Pic 9 http://youknowwhereyouare.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/kartoffelkloesse.jpg, January 5, 2012, January 5, 2012 Pic 10 Pic 10 http://www.germanfoodguide.com/Images/sweets/marzipan2.jpg, January 5, 2012, January 5, 2012 Pic 11 Pic 11 http://s4.hubimg.com/u/4038979_f260.jpg, January 5, 2012, January 5, 2012 Pic 12 Pic 12 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lebkuchenscan.jpg, January 5, 2012, January 5, 2012 Pic 13 Pic 13 http://www.germanfoods.org/consumer/recipes/stollenbreadnbutterpudding.cfm, January 5, 2012, January 5, 2012 Pic 14 Pic 14 http://www.germanfoods.org/consumer/recipes/bakedapples.cfm, January 6, 2012, January 6, 2012 http://www.germanfoods.org/consumer/facts/christmastraditions.cfm, January 6, 2012http://www.germanfoods.org/consumer/facts/christmastraditions.cfm, January 6, 2012 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_laws_in_Germany, January 6, 2012http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_laws_in_Germany, January 6, 2012 Pic 15 Pic 15 http://vancouverchristmasmarket.com/food.php, January 6, 2012, January 6, 2012 http://www.germanfoods.org/consumer/recipes/feuerzangenbowle.cfm, January 6, 2012http://www.germanfoods.org/consumer/recipes/feuerzangenbowle.cfm, January 6, 2012 http://dreamingofwinter.blogspot.com/2009/08/gluhwein-recipe.html, January 6, 2012http://dreamingofwinter.blogspot.com/2009/08/gluhwein-recipe.html, January 6, 2012 Pic 16, 17 http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--pnxTiyBfI0/TsdCMO30DZI/AAAAAAAAAdY/FEVfF2-CkWU/Pic 16, 17 http://1.bp.blogspot.com/--pnxTiyBfI0/TsdCMO30DZI/AAAAAAAAAdY/FEVfF2-CkWU/

s1600/111119_063kp.JPG, January 6, 2012s1600/111119_063kp.JPG, January 6, 2012 http://www.examiner.com/germany-travel-in-national/how-to-make-german-christmas-market-gluehwein, http://www.examiner.com/germany-travel-in-national/how-to-make-german-christmas-market-gluehwein,

January 7, 2012January 7, 2012 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_market, January 7, 2012http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_market, January 7, 2012 Pic 18 http://vancouverchristmasmarket.com/, January 7, 2012Pic 18 http://vancouverchristmasmarket.com/, January 7, 2012 Pic 19 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/ChristmasMarketJena.jpg/300px-Pic 19 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/ChristmasMarketJena.jpg/300px-

ChristmasMarketJena.jpg, January 7, 2012ChristmasMarketJena.jpg, January 7, 2012