1. Graphene introduction and overview Ivan Buckley Project
Manager NGI #GrapheneWeek
2. http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk Unexpected Science from
a Pencil Trace Ivan Buckley Project Manager National Graphene
Institute (NGI) at the University of Manchester
[email protected]
3. http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk
4. Made in Manchester
5. Limitless Potential?? V
6. Graphene Superlatives 6 thinnest imaginable material
strongest material ever measured (theoretical limit) stiffest known
material (stiffer than diamond) most stretchable crystal (up to 20%
elastically) record thermal conductivity (outperforming diamond)
highest current density at room T (million times of those in
copper) highest intrinsic mobility (100 times more than in Si)
conducts electricity in the limit of no electrons lightest charge
carriers (zero rest mass) longest mean free path at room T (micron
range) most impermeable (even He atoms cannot squeeze through)
?
7. Graphene Properties 7 Morphological Surface area 1gr = 2630
m2 Aspect ratio varies typically 2 for solvent exfoliation.
Transparent to light (97.7 %) and electrons Mechanical Stiffness =
1 TPa Strength = 130 GPa Chemical Easily functionalised
Processable
8. What is GRAPHENE? Graphene is defined as: -2 dimensional -
an allotrope of carbon - one-atom-thick planar sheets of sp2-bonded
carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal
lattice. but accepted as - less than 10 layers thick - less than 30
nm. Buckyballs Carbon Nanotubes Graphite
9. How to make GRAPHENE? Micromechanical cleavage of Graphite
(a)Attach a piece of graphite to sticky-tape (Cellotape) (b)Use the
sticky tape to thin out the graphite (c) Place the thin graphite on
a Silicon wafer, with a surface layer of Silicon Dioxide (d)Remove
most layers of graphite leaving behind graphene.
10. How to make GRAPHENE? Micromechanical cleavage of Graphite
Images courtesy P. Blake
11. Strongly layered material Can We Cheat Nature? Slice down
to one atomic plane
12. Production by removing elements from a large starting
material. Assembly of a nanostructure from smaller elements. How to
make graphene
13. Graphene & its derivatives A D B C E CVD Graphene (Gr)
Graphite (Gt) Reduced Graphene Oxide (ReGO) Graphene oxide (GO)
Graphite oxide (GtO) Graphene
14. Mass Production Price Quality Mechanical Exfoliation
research prototyping Liquid Phase Exfoliation coating, composites,
energy, bio CVD electronics photonics coating bio Molecular
Assembly nanoelectronics SiC electronics RF transistors
15. Early Graphene Applications Composites (Light weight,
multifunctional and highly damage tolerant structures) Graphene
electronics: specialist devices (e.g. high frequency transistors,
spintronics) or in combination with other electronics technologies
(e.g. printed electronics). Flexible Electronics (e.g. as
replacement for indium tin oxide in a range of applications such as
touch screens, solar cells etc.) Paints and coatings (e.g. barrier,
modification of optical/electrical properties of chemical
derivatives of graphene). Graphene Photonics (e.g. photomodulators,
photodetectors, plasmonics, ultra-fast lasers, metamaterials).
Graphene sensors (e.g. chemical, strain sensors). Energy storage
(e.g. graphene-based batteries, super-capacitors) ..??
16. Graphene Applications
17. Graphene Applications Introducing the new GR Graphene stick
range for 2014/15 The New Graphene Enhanced Technology will offer
greater energy transfer and performance, whilst the Graphene
composite construction gives greater power when hitting and
improved response when controlling the ball, as well as shock
absorbing properties for added feel and response.
18. Graphene Applications
19. Graphene Technology Roadmap
20. Graphene Applications are already here
21. Barriers/challenges to exploitation 21 Hype Bubble
Manufacturability - Good and reproducible quality graphene
materials, t for purpose Development of eective and reliable
processing techniques (e.g. to disperse, align, deposit,
functionalise, integrate etc.) Scalability, aordability and
security of supply Clear demonstration of competitive advantage
supported by cost benet data. Confusing nomenclature No standards
No Killer App Health and Safety uncertainties
22. 22
23. Graphene@Manchester NGI Centre for Doctoral Training for
Graphene Graphene Engineering Innovation centre Commercialisation
Graphene Research at Manchester The City of Manchester
24. Research Excellence the largest single graphene research
group (Over 200 researchers, PDRAs and Post Grads) Total Income of
c170m over the last 4 years Interdisciplinary Physics, Materials
Science, EEE, Bio and Life Sciences, Chemistry, Chem Eng, etc., 30
groups Unique Graphene Integrated Research Approach Production,
Characterisation, Materials Modelling, through to Application
25. Funding/Investment Gap in the Manufacturing-Innovation
Process Valley of Death
26. Beyond Graphene Novoselov et al PNAS (2005) 1 m 2D
Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox in SEM 2D crystals from other layered materials High
Quality Different From 3D Precursor 2D MoS2 in TEM 5 m 1m 0 8 232D
NbSe2 in AFM 10 m 2D boron nitride in optics
27. Composite materials and Heterostructures Few materials
determine our world Electronics: silicon Construction: steel
Aerospace: aluminium Few materials narrow opportunities Composite
materials & Heterostructures InGaN laser Plastics Fibres Carbon
Fibres Still need wider range of properties AlInN HEMT
28. Layer by Layer Material Engineering Building materials atom
by atom Wide range of compositions - wide range of functionalities
sensor solar cell transistor interconnect reinforcement Composite
materials & Heterostructures InGaN laser Plastics Fibres Carbon
Fibres Still need wider range of properties AlInN HEMT
