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This workshop will summarize the alternative building structural systems available for energy-efficient and sustainable building projects. Wally Geer of Greymar Associates along with a panel of industry experts will talk about the benefits of building with green framing products such as structural insulated panels, recycled steel framing,Insulated Concrete Forms and other alternative building methodologies including straw bale and ram earth structures.
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Welcome to Green Framing Options
Presenter: Wally [email protected]
Some Sincere Thanks to:
The Center for Sustainable Energy U.S. Green Building Council, C4 Chapter National Association of Home Builder’s Research
Center University College of Dublin MosArt Architects, Dublin Laura’s Painting, Ojai, CA. Greymar Associates, Ventura, CA. Sonoma State University
In Defense of Wood
There is an abundant supply of vendors and subcontractors It has relatively few design & structural constraints It’s cost effective
It’s beautiful
Why Chose an AlternativeFraming System ?
Site & Structural Constraints Health Related Issues Environmental Concerns Energy Efficiency Life Cycle Value Fire Safety Competitive Advantage
Site & Structural Constraints
Lack of Staging Area Complex topography that will not allow conventional
movement of building materials Unique Soils of Geological Conditions Short Building Season
Health Related Issues
Mold Building Material Toxins Specific Health Issues of the Occupants Healthier Families & Higher Workplace Productivity
Environmental Concerns
Concerns over renewable resources Concerns over “Cradle to Cradle”
or “Cradle to Grave” issues Concerns related
to “Carbon Footprint” Concerns over material
waste and Land Fill waste
Energy Efficiency
“Tight” Building Envelope Passive Solar Design Benefits Life Cycle Energy Savings High Performance Building Assemblies
Life Cycle Value
“Life Cycle Value”
is the total Cost of INITIAL CONSTUCTION +
ENERGY CONSUMPTION COSTS over the
functional life of a building
Cost Comparison Construction Costs of a 50% ZEB Office Building, Kiel, Germany (Building Shell + Tenant Improvements - Converted to U.S. Dollars)
Conventional Sustainable DifferenceFrame 48.28 53.82 11.46%Envelope 83.65 101.27 21.06%Roof 15.20 15.11 -0.58%Walls/Doors 12.78 12.90 0.95%Finishes 33.48 32.24 -3.70%Services 92.18 86.64 -6.01%Site works 7.04 7.02 -0.37%
TOTALS 292.62 309.00 5.60%
Energy Savings
Office Building Type EnergyConventional 25 KWH/ft2/year
Sustainable 10 KWH/ft2/year
Savings 15 KWH/ft2/yearFor a 250,000 Office Building, that’s a
Savings of over $350,000 per year
Fire Safety
Desire to have a “Fire Safe” home Lower Insurance Rates Higher resale value in “Fire Country”
Competitive Advantage
Why NOT to chose an Alternative Framing System
Lower Initial Cost of Structural Shell Construction Because you can gain “LEED Credits” If there are limited options in your market area of
suppliers or qualified subcontractors Because your flaky unlicensed Brother-in-Law claims
he is knowledgeable of straw bale construction
DON’T think “Framing Systems”,THINK “Building Envelope Assemblies”
When evaluating Building Envelope Assemblies, consider:
Structural System Adaptability of Floor & Roof Diaphragms Exterior Building Skin Interior Building Skin Insulation Adaptability of Plumbing & Electrical within the
system Design & Structural Constraints of the Assembly
When comparing Options, consider
Design & Structural Constraints Energy Efficiency Environmental Attributes Initial Construction Cost Life Cycle Value Fire Safety Adaptability of Building Skin Options Adaptability of Electrical & Plumbing Availability of Raw Materials Availability of Qualified Labor & Subcontractors
What are the Options
Conventional Wood Framing FSC Certified Wood Framing Light Gauge Steel Framing Red Iron Steel Framing Structurally Insulated Panels (aka “SIPs”) Insulated Concrete Forms (aka “ICFs”) Timber Frame Structural Systems Straw Bale Construction
Conventional Wood Framing
Positive Attributes: There is an abundant supply of vendors and subcontractors Relatively few design & structural constraints It’s cost effective
Potential Problems: Rot, Mold & Termites Low Fire Resistance In consistent Quality
Conventional Wood FramingA Metric Analysis
Category ScoreDesign & Structural Constraints 8Energy Efficiency 4Environmental Attributes 5Initial Construction Cost (10 being most cost effective)
8
Life Cycle Value 5Fire Safety 4Adaptability of Building Skin Options 8Adaptability of Electrical & Plumbing 7Availability of Raw Materials 8Availability of Qualified Labor & Subcontractors 8
Forest Stewardship Council (aka “FSC”)
Wood Framing
Positive Attributes: Relatively few design & structural constraints Highly Environmentally Friendly Potential Marketing benefit for builders & developers
Potential Problems: Rot, Mold & Termites Low Fire Resistance
FSC Wood FramingA Metric Analysis
Category ScoreDesign & Structural Constraints 8Energy Efficiency 4Environmental Attributes 8Initial Construction Cost 8Life Cycle Value 5Fire Safety 4Adaptability of Building Skin Options 8Adaptability of Electrical & Plumbing 7Availability of Raw Materials 6Availability of Qualified Labor & Subcontractors 8
Light Gauge Steel Framing
Light Gauge Steel Framing
Positive Attributes: Excellent structural characteristics Readily Available Material Highly adaptable for future alterations Eliminates the possibility of termite damage Highly Environmentally Friendly* Partially mitigates potential mold problems
Light Gauge Steel FramingPositive Structural Attributes
Light Gauge Steel Framing Something Old & Something New
Light Gauge Steel Framing
Potential Negative Attributes : More costly than wood framing Limited number Requires an knowledgeable architectural & engineering team of qualified subcontractors Potential problems with other trades (M, P & E) Requires a knowledgeable architectural &
engineering team
Light Gauge Steel FramingA Metric Analysis
Category ScoreDesign & Structural Constraints 8Energy Efficiency 2Environmental Attributes 4 to 8Initial Construction Cost (10 being most cost effective) 6Life Cycle Value 7Fire Safety 6Adaptability of Building Skin Options 7Adaptability of Electrical & Plumbing 6Availability of Raw Materials 8Availability of Qualified Labor & Subcontractors 4
Red Iron Steel Framing
Red Iron Steel Framing
Red Iron Steel Framing
Red Iron Steel Framing
Red Iron Steel Framing
Red Iron Steel Framing
Positive Attributes: Excellent structural characteristics Readily Available Material Eliminates the possibility of termite damage Highly Environmentally Friendly* Partially mitigates potential mold problems Can be potentially very cost effective
Red Iron Steel Framing
Potential Negative Attributes : Potential problems with other trades (M, P & E) Some Design constraints Potential Thermal Bridging Problems
Red Iron Steel FramingA Metric Analysis
Category ScoreDesign & Structural Constraints 6Energy Efficiency 2Environmental Attributes 4 to 8Initial Construction Cost (10 being most cost effective) 8Life Cycle Value 7Fire Safety 8Adaptability of Building Skin Options 5Adaptability of Electrical & Plumbing 6Availability of Raw Materials 8Availability of Qualified Labor & Subcontractors 8
Structurally Insulated Panels(aka “SIPs”)
Structurally Insulated Panels(aka “SIPs”)
Structurally Insulated Panels(aka “SIPs”)
Structurally Insulated Panels(aka “SIPs”)
Structurally Insulated Panels(aka “SIPs”)
Structurally Insulated Panels(aka “SIPs”)
Positive Attributes: Excellent structural characteristics Highly Energy Efficient Highly adaptable for future alterations Substantially mitigates the possibility of termite damage Highly Environmentally Friendly* Substantially mitigates potential mold problems* Excellent Quality Control due to factory production
Structurally Insulated Panels(aka “SIPs”)
Potential Negative Attributes :•Some Limited Design constraints•Potential Building Department related issues•Limited availability of qualified subcontractors•Potential problems with other trades (M, P & E)•Requires a knowledgeable architectural & engineering team
Structurally Insulated Panels (SIPs) A Metric Analysis
Category ScoreDesign & Structural Constraints 7Energy Efficiency 9Environmental Attributes 5 to 9Initial Construction Cost (10 being most cost effective) 6Life Cycle Value 9Fire Safety 7Adaptability of Building Skin Options 6Adaptability of Electrical & Plumbing 5Availability of Raw Materials 8Availability of Qualified Labor & Subcontractors 3
Insulated Concrete Forms(aka “ICFs”)
Insulated Concrete Forms(aka “ICFs”)
Insulated Concrete Forms(aka “ICFs”)
Insulated Concrete Forms(aka “ICFs”)
Insulated Concrete Forms(aka “ICFs”)
Insulated Concrete FormsFloor & Roof Options
•Dimensional Lumber•Light Gauge Steel•Dietrich “Trade Ready” Joists•Hambro Bar Joist System•“Lite Deck”
Lite Deck
Insulated Concrete Forms(aka “ICFs”)
Positive Attributes:•Excellent structural characteristics•Highly Fire Resistant•Highly Energy Efficient•Substantially mitigates the possibility of termite damage•Highly Environmentally Friendly* •Substantially mitigates potential mold problems*•Excellent Quality Control due to factory production•VERY quiet interiors
Insulated Concrete Forms(aka “ICFs”)
Insulated Concrete Forms(aka “ICFs”)
Insulated Concrete Forms(aka “ICFs”)
Potential Negative Attributes :•Some Limited Design constraints•Potential Building Department related issues•Potential problems with other trades (M, P & E)•More costly than conventional wood framing, but with a positive payback in energy savings•Requires a knowledgeable architectural & engineering team
Insulated Concrete Forms (ICFs) A Metric Analysis
Category ScoreDesign & Structural Constraints 7Energy Efficiency 10Environmental Attributes 7 to 9Initial Construction Cost (10 being most cost effective)
7
Life Cycle Value 9Fire Safety 10Adaptability of Building Skin Options 7Adaptability of Electrical & Plumbing 7Availability of Raw Materials 9Availability of Qualified Labor & Subcontractors 7
Timber Frame Structural Systems
Timber Frame Structural Systems
Timber Frame Structural Systems
Timber Frame Structural Systems
Timber Frame Structural Systems
Timber Frame Structural Systems
Positive Attributes:•Excellent structural characteristics•Highly Energy Efficient*•Highly Environmentally Friendly* •Excellent Quality Control due to factory production
Timber Frame Structural Systems
Potential Negative Attributes :•Some Limited Design constraints•Potential Building Department related issues•Limited availability of qualified subcontractors•Potential problems with other trades (M, P & E)•Requires a knowledgeable architectural & • engineering team
Timber Frame Structural System A Metric Analysis
Category ScoreDesign & Structural Constraints 6Energy Efficiency 6 to 9Environmental Attributes 7 to 9Initial Construction Cost (10 being most cost effective) 4Life Cycle Value 6Fire Safety 6Adaptability of Building Skin Options 7Adaptability of Electrical & Plumbing 7Availability of Raw Materials 6Availability of Qualified Labor & Subcontractors 3
Straw Bale
Straw Bale
Straw Bale
Straw Bale
Straw Bale
Straw Bale
Positive Attributes:•Highly Energy Efficient•Highly Environmentally Friendly •VERY quiet interiors•More fire resistant than some other options•A fun way to build a house if you have 20 friends that like to work for free and live on pizza & beer on the weekends.
Straw Bale
Potential Negative Attributes :•Some Limited Design constraints•Potential Building Department related issues•Potential problems with other trades (M, P & E)•Very costly if professionally constructed•Requires a knowledgeable architectural & engineering team
Straw Bale A Metric Analysis
Category ScoreDesign & Structural Constraints 4Energy Efficiency 10Environmental Attributes 10Initial Construction Cost (10 being most cost effective) 3Life Cycle Value 8Fire Safety 7Adaptability of Building Skin Options 4Adaptability of Electrical & Plumbing 6Availability of Raw Materials 9Availability of Qualified Labor & Subcontractors 2
Why Chose an AlternativeFraming System ?
•Site & Structural Constraints•Health Related Issues•Environmental Concerns•Energy Efficiency•Life Cycle Value•Fire Safety•Competitive Advantage
Environmental ConcernsWhat is Green ?
What is Green ?
What is Green ?
Green Certification Standards
Environmentally Friendly Skin Materials
A Few Options: Paperless drywall Natural Earth Plaster American Clay Eco Stucco
Natural Earth Plaster
American Clay
Eco Stucco
Closing Comments
There no one magic solution to any building design Do your homework, pick wisely Respect “single source vendors”, but take them with
a grain of salt. After all, they have a hammer Appreciate that a building’s structural shell is only
one working component within a synergistic whole Have fun & on behalf of the Center for Sustainable
Energy, THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE TODAY