III Conferência CMMI Portugal, Presentation 2: Process tailoring the missing evolution link, Henrique Narciso, Robert Gordon University

Portugal

Process tailoring

the missing evolution link

Henrique Narciso

Robert Gordon University – PHD student

Engenhus – Consultant

2013-10-18

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What is tailoring?

Transforming the standard to specific

From the factory:

- Sizes(S;M;L;XL)

- Colors

- Cut

To the customer:

- Adjusted to meet

his “characteristics”

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Dressed for the occasion

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Formal

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When formal limits you

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Agile

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Agile with "cold" environment

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Exploratory

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Test driven development

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Innovation

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The Missing link

We find a new process

We try it

Doesn´t work


We try it

Doesn´t work


We try it

Doesn´t work

Humans adapt

Embrace change

Embrace variability

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Your Process…

…must be fitted for the occasion.

Tailoring is the activity of fine-tuning a standardized, well-

known, process to resolve the needs of a specific project.

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X

Y

Y’

Z

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Your Process…

Kick off Risk

Top 10 risks

Top 5 risks

Risk Matrix

Type Large

Medium

High risk Medium Risk

Low Risk

Risk

Management

…

…

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Your Process…

.

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Your Process…

Project type Duraction / effort

Process CMMI compliance

Large >6 months X Level 3

Medium 3 to 6 months Y Level 2

Small < 3 months Z not

Inovation 3 to 6 months Y’ not

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Tailoring and CMMI

Level Capability Result

5 Optimizing Continuous Process Improvement Causal Analysis and Resolution Productivity &

Organizational Performance Management Quality

4 Quantitatively Management Quantitative Management Organizational Process Performance

Quantitative Project Management

3 Defined Process Standardization

Decision Analysis and Resolution

Integrated Project Management

Organizational Process Definition

Organizational Process Focus

Organizational Training

Product Integration

Requirements Development

Risk Management

Technical Solution

Validation

Verification

2 Managed Basic Project Management

Configuration Management

Measurement and Analysis

Process and Product Quality Assurance

Project Monitoring and Control

Project Planning

Requirements Management

Supplier Agreement Management

1

Initial Heroic Efforts

Design

Develop

Integrate

Test Risk & waste

Risk &

Waste

Productivity

&

Quality

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Enablers

Work Instructions

Organization Set of Standard Processes

Business needs

Corporate Policies

and Procedures

CMMI Requirements

OSSP

Project’s Defined Process

Tailoring

Procedures

Policies

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Software and Systems Process Engineering

Meta-model (SPEM)

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Meta-model (SPEM)

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Meta-model (SPEM)

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How to Process tailor

Step by step

- Define Organization Standard set of Processes;

- Define tailoring decisions database;

- Define project’s characteristics;

- Generate Standard Project Defined Process(SPDP;

- Fine-tune SPDP’s suggestions

- Automate Project Defined Process

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Tailoring decisions Database

What do we as an organization agree on:

- What to do or not;

- When and when not to;

- On which project types;

- And, how if applicable it can be fine tuned or not

Thus four dimensions:

What; when; project types; and tayloring

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Tailoring – The missing link

Large Medium Small Extra-small

Public

sector

Inovation

R&D Internal

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Deliverable Applicable Phases in Software Development

Process

Type Name Responsible

Re

qu

ire

me

nts

De

ve

lop

men

t

Sta

biliz

ati

on

Ac

ce

pta

nce

Op

era

tio

ns

an

d

Ma

ite

na

nc

e

Task Audits PQA engineer x x x x x

Task Baseline Notification Configuration Manager x x x x x

Artifact Bug Tester x x x x x

Task Business training Project Manager

Artifact Change Request Project Team Members x x x x x

Artifact Change Set Product Manager x x

Task CMS setup Configuration Manager x

Task Code reviews DEV Lead

Artifact Communication of metrics

report Project Manager x x x x x

Task Comunication Practices Project Manager

Artifact Conclusions and

Improvement Actions Project Manager x x x x x

Task

Conclusions and

Improvement Actions

Communication

Project Manager x x x x x

Artifact Configuration integrity Audit

checklist Configuration Manager x x x x x

Artifact Configuration Management

Plan Configuration Manager x

Artifact Control of Service result

record Director x x x x x

Task Customer Meetings Project Manager

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Deliverable Project Type


Sm

all

Ne

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rod

uc

t

Inn

ov

ati

on

Ma

inte

na

nc

e

Task Audits PQA engineer 1 1 1 1

Task Baseline Notification Configuration Manager 1 1 1

Artifact Bug Tester 1 1 1 1

Task Business training Project Manager 1 1 1 1

Artifact Change Request Project Team Members 1 1 1 1

Artifact Change Set Product Manager 1 1 1 1

Task CMS setup Configuration Manager 1 1 1 1

Task Code reviews DEV Lead 1 1 1


report Project Manager 1 1 1

Task Comunication Practices Project Manager 1 1 1


Improvement Actions Project Manager 1

Task

Conclusions and

Improvement Actions

Communication

Project Manager 1


checklist Configuration Manager 1 1 1


Plan Configuration Manager 1 1 1


record Director 1 1 1

Task Customer Meetings Project Manager 1 1 1

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Deliverable Project Type Tailoring


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Tailo

rin

g

Lo

w

Me

diu

m

Hig

h

Cri

tic

al

Ta

ilo

rin

g A

cti

vit

ies

Task Audits PQA engineer 1 1 1 1 y Start, middle, end Start, every other

milestone, end Every milestone Every milestone

Task Baseline Notification Configuration Manager 1 1 1 as defined in the

process - no tailoring

applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

Artifact Bug Tester 1 1 1 1 as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

Task Business training Project Manager 1 1 1 1 y as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

On-job On-job/formal training

Artifact Change Request Project Team Members 1 1 1 1 as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

Artifact Change Set Product Manager 1 1 1 1 as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

Task CMS setup Configuration Manager 1 1 1 1 as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

Task Code reviews DEV Lead 1 1 1 y as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied


report Project Manager 1 1 1 Y

email notificando a

afixação of the

measurements results

and analysis results

email notificando a

afixação of the

measurements results


progress meeting with

the measurements

results and analysis

results

progress meeting with

the measurements

results and analysis

results

May be na email with the measurements results


Task Comunication Practices Project Manager 1 1 1 y Minimal Medium high Intense


Improvement Actions Project Manager 1

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

Task

Conclusions and

Improvement Actions

Communication

Project Manager 1 as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied


checklist Configuration Manager 1 1 1 Every milestone Every milestone Every milestone Every milestone


Plan Configuration Manager 1 1 1

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied


record Director 1 1 1

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

as defined in the


applied

only if SAM applies

Task Customer Meetings Project Manager 1 1 1 y Monthly Monthly Monthly Fortnightly

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Project Assessment

Project Manager

Project name Risk -65

Project Type Small Project

Project Assessment result Low Uncertainty-40

Scope Fixed Unknown Value: Action:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C/U

Schedule No pressure Tight

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Quality Goals Low High

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Project Manager Experienced Un-experienced

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Business Knowledge High Low

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C/U

Team variance Cohesive team Changing team

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Personell availability Total availability Partial availability

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Resistance to change Low High

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Organizational Stakeholder consensus High Low

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Stakeholder changes Low High

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C/U

Project Sponsor Involvement High Low

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C/U

Leadership High Low

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Organizational Structure Fixed Volatile

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Product Image Defined Undefined

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C/U

Morale High Low

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Disturbing events Few Many

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C/U

User tests avaliability High Low

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C/U

Technology complexity Easy Complex

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Technology knowledge Known Unknown

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C/U

Technology availability Available Unavailable

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Performance goals Realistic Unrealistic

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 S/R

Risk

Uncertainty

CriticalMedium

Low High

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Deliverable Type Name Responsible Sugestion Decision

Task Audits PQA engineer Start, middle, end Task Baseline Notification Configuration Manager as defined in the process - no tailoring applied Artifact Bug Tester as defined in the process - no tailoring applied Task Business training Project Manager as defined in the process - no tailoring applied Artifact Change Request Project Team Members as defined in the process - no tailoring applied Task CMS setup Configuration Manager as defined in the process - no tailoring applied Task Code reviews DEV Lead as defined in the process - no tailoring applied Artifact Communication of metrics report Project Manager email notificando a afixação of the measurements results and analysis results Task Comunication Practices Project Manager Minimal Artifact Conclusions and Improvement Actions Project Manager Removed

Task Conclusions and Improvement Actions

Communication Project Manager Removed

Artifact Configuration integrity Audit checklist Configuration Manager Every milestone Artifact Configuration Management Plan Configuration Manager as defined in the process - no tailoring applied Artifact Control of Service result record Director as defined in the process - no tailoring applied Task Customer Meetings Project Manager Monthly

Standard Project Defined Process

Fin

e tu

nin

g

Project Assessment

Project Manager

Project name Risk -65

Project Type Small Project

Project Assessment result Low Uncertainty-40

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Tailoring decisions Database Generate Project’s repository

from the Project Defined Process

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Automating process activities

Creating workflows of process activities, from the model into

a process automation tool.

Create templates of processes and instantiate them on

project creation.

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Tailoring in the projects lifecycle

Idea – gather project characteristics

Go/no go – define tailoring and generate Project work

environment

During project – redefine tailoring decisions if necessary

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Tailoring – the cultural aspect

Gathering tailoring decisions is:

- Clarifying the organizations different working modes;

- Rethinking cultural assumptions;

- Talking, teaching, understanding what process

implementation is;

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Tailoring – the cultural aspect

Gathering tailoring decisions is:

- Clarifying the organizations different working modes;

- Rethinking cultural assumptions;

- Talking, teaching, understanding what process

implementation is;

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Process tailoring

Not the silver bullet

or

The Holly grail

Just a mindset switch that may help solve process

implementation and usage - the missing link (maybe)

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Tailor your processes

Obrigado!

Henrique Narciso

[email protected]