IPv6IPv6

Talal A. AlsubaieApp. & DB DepartmentSaudi FDA

Special Thanks…Special Thanks…

To Saad A. Al-Maleki for his assessment in this work.

OutlinesOutlines• IPv4 Addressing.• Features of IPv6.• IPv6 Addressing.• Transition Mechanisms.• Software Support.• IPv6 Market• Conclusion.

IPv4 AddressingIPv4 Addressing• INTERNET is the world largest public

network.• ~320 million users in 2000: ~550 million users by 2005

• IPv4 defines a 32 bit, that will give us (4,294,967,296) IP addresses.

• The first problem is concerned with the eventual running out of the IP address space.

IPv4 Addressing (cont.)IPv4 Addressing (cont.)• Techniques was used with address shortage in

IPv4:• Subnettin.

• Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)

• Network Address Translation (NAT)

NAT and SubnetNAT and Subnet

IPv4 Addressing (cont.)IPv4 Addressing (cont.)• P2P applications.

• Need to reserve an IP address to each peer.

• Always-on devices.• Mobile Phones, ADSL, and Intelligent Home ...ect.

Always Connected Always Connected DevicesDevices

GlobalAddressing

Always-on Devices Need an Address When You Call Them

Features of IPv6Features of IPv6Large Address Space.

128 bit vs. 32 bit in IPv4.

Stateless auto configuration of hosts.

Plug and play.

Multicast. It is part of IPv6, unlike IPv4 was

introduced later.

Features of IPv6Features of IPv6Link-local addresses.

Never change, unlike global address.

Jumbograms. IPv4, packets are limited to 64 KB, Jumbograms

can be as large as 4GB. in high speed networks

Network-layer security. IP Security is built-in IPv6, unlike IPv4 built-on.

Mobility. Make IPv6 node to be mobile to change it’s

location in an IPv6 network. (May change IPv6 Address Dynamically).

Features of IPv6Features of IPv6Mobility

◦ Mobile Operators using 3GPP UMTS / Internet Multimedia Services (IMS)

◦ Nokia, Motorola and others making use of mobile IPv6 in their devices

◦ Ad-hoc networks – think police, fire and emergency services – push to talk requirements

IPv6 AddressingIPv6 AddressingThe primary change from IPv4 to

IPv6 is the length of network addresses.

128 bit vs. 32 bit.

IPv6 addresses are typically composed of two logical parts:

64-bit (sub-)network prefix. 64-bit host part. (automatically generated from the

interface's MAC address). User identity being permanently tied to an

IPv6 address.

IPv6 Addressing (cont.)IPv6 Addressing (cont.)Notation:

◦ IPv6 addresses are normally written as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits. 2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7334

◦ Four-digit group(s) of 0000, can be omitted and replaced with two colons( :: ). 2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:1428:57ab

is equal to 2001:0db8::1428:57ab .◦ A sequence of 4 bytes at the end of an IPv6 address

can also be written in decimal, using dots as separators. Used with mixed environment of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

◦::1 = localhost = (127.0.0.1) in IPv4

IPv6 Addressing (cont.)IPv6 Addressing (cont.)IPv6 addresses in URL:

In a URL the IPv6-Address is enclosed in brackets. http://[2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7344]/ https://[2001:0db8:85a3:08d3:1319:8a2e:0370:7344]:443/

‘A’ record of DNS(IPv4)◦ www.talals.net A 203.178.141.212

‘Qaud A’ “AAAA” record of DNS(IPv6)◦ www.talals.net AAAA 3ffe:501:4819:2000:5254:ff:fedc:50d2

IPv6 Addressing (cont.)IPv6 Addressing (cont.)Kinds of IPv6 addresses:

Unicast Addresses: One to One.

Multicast Addresses: One to Many.

Anycast Addresses: One to Nearest.

There is no Broadcast in IPv6.

Transition MechanismsTransition MechanismsTransition mechanisms are

needed for IPv6 only host to reach IPv4 services.◦ Dual stack.◦ Tunneling.◦ Translation.

Transition MechanismsTransition Mechanisms◦Dual Stack:

Dual stack host can speak both IPv4 and IPv6 communicate with IPv4 host by IPv4 communicate with IPv6 host by IPv6

Transition MechanismsTransition Mechanisms◦Dual Stack:

AccessAccess

Transition MechanismsTransition Mechanisms◦Tunneling:

Encapsulates some data inside some packets. Automatic tunneling:

(6-To-4). (Enabled in Windows Vista)

Teredo. (Enabled in Windows Vista)

Configured: Tunneling is configured manually via human or software

service.IPv6/Dual IPv6/Dual NetworkNetwork

6to4 Router

Adds v4 header

IPv6/Dual IPv6/Dual NetworkNetwork

IPv4 CoreIPv4 Core

IPv4 Router

Forwards as Usual

Destination 6to4 router removes IPv4 header DeliveryGeneration

Transition MechanismsTransition MechanismsTunneling:

IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling

IPv4 Packet

IPv6 Packet

Transition MechanismsTransition MechanismsTranslation:

This is a simple extension to NAT techniques, to translate header format as well as addresses

Translate IPv6 only host to IPv4 only host(vice versa)

1.protocol translation2.mapping addressUnreliable

Software SupportSoftware SupportAny modern O/S has IPv6 supportMost common applications and tools have

IPv6 support:◦ Apache◦ IIS◦ FTP ◦ Ping◦ Telnet◦ IE ◦ Mozilla Firefox◦ Opera◦ Outlook ◦ Windows Media Player and more…

Some applications need to be recompiled.

IPv6 MarketIPv6 MarketHome Networking.Gaming.Mobile Devices.Enterprise PC’s.Consumer Devices.

◦ i.e. Sony. ISP.…

Conclusion IPv6 is NEW …

– built on the experiences learned from IPv4– new features– large address space– autoconfiguration

… and OLD– still IP– build on a solid base– started in 1995, a lot of implementations and tests done