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Law, ethics & information systemsMathias Klang
Who are you?
• Users• Future systems developers & users• Digital citizens (sorry)
• Students…
Ethics. A bad introduction.
“Ethics is the knowledge about which response to choose and which action to do in a given situation”
“…ethics involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior”
Ethics:a very very
short version
ethnocentrism
Cultural relativism
Culture
Human Nature
Good Evil
Choice?
Nurture Nature
absolutism
Ethical relativism
Social construct
Social Contract
Rousseau Hobbes
Utilitarianism
Bentham - Happiness
Teleological ethics
Mill - Good
Rule ethics
Kant
Duties – not impulses
Categorical imperative
Rawls
Rule creation
Veil of ignorance
Habermas
Discourse ethics
What is technology?
Technology: techne (art) & logos (discourse)
• T as object– Tools, instruments, machines…
• T as knowledge– How to make and use the objects
• T as activity– Methods, routines & skills
• T as sociotechnical system– Design, development & control
A pattern of tech adoption
Initial optimism
Euphoric optimism
Concern
Social media & social change
optimism
Pessimism
an attempted revolution
balance
Technology changing society, but social rules slow to evolve…
Control?
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced… to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes … and serves as a social mediator of relations between people.
Norms from above
Power to the people: Democracy
Power of the technocracy
Socio-legal regulation
Law
Contextual & programmed social
rules
Architecture
Technology makes society
Only technology(spot the ethical dilemma?)
But first technological change – why it matters
Technological determinism
“the notion is that a kind of invisible hand guides technology ever onward and upward, using individuals and organizations as vessels for its purposes but guided by a sort of divine plan for bringing the greatest good to the greatest number.”
Game changer: storage
Production costs
Music unrecorded prior to 1857
What does this mean?
Technology as controller
Teknologisk determinism
• “the medium... shapes and controls the scale and form of human association and action”
• McLuhan, M. (1962) The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man.
Technology does not judge usTechnology is all about efficiency (but for whom?)Technology changes the environment and users by creating opportunity
4
but…
• Understanding development?• Controlling development?• Truth?
We have (theoretical) control over Big Brother
If you are not paying for it, you're not the customer; you're the product being sold
What about democracy?
Technology = Communication = Society = Democracy
TECHNOLOGY IS DEMOCRACY
TECHNÉ controls what & howwe interact create & THINK
CommunicationCommunication
OrganizationOrganization
ProtestProtest AccessAccess
ReligionReligion
PrivacyPrivacyCultureCulture
EducationEducation
PressPress
No sidewalks online
REGULATION OF TECHNOLOGY IS THE REGULATION OF DEMOCRACY
&
Anything that is in the world when you’re born is normal and ordinary and is just a natural part of the way the world works. Anything that’s invented between fifteen and thirty-five is new and exciting and revolutionary and you can probably get a career in it. Anything invented after you’re thirty-five is against the natural order when you’re of things.
?
SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY
EXEMPEL: INFORMATIONS-KONTROLL
DE LEGE FERENDA
Lagen som den bör vara
Flickr
2000
2001
2002
2003 2005
2004 2006
Wikipedia
Blog
ger 1
999
Second Life
My Space
Skype
Digg
Ning
YouTube
Spotify
Google c:a 1998
2008
2007 2009
Farmville
iphone
WikileaksAngry Birds
Teoretiska rättigheter går mot oundviklig
handling
2006 2007
60
personalization
“Having two identities for yourself is an example of a lack of integrity”
Zuckerberg
“Having two identities for yourself is an example of a lack of integrity”Mark Zuckerberg
It will be very hard for people to watch or consume something that has not in some sense been tailored for them. Eric Schmidt, Google
Technology is not inherently democratic
The internet is shows us what it thinks that we want to see – not what we need to see Eli Pariser
Identity & Information junk food.
Law without infrastructure
Problem 1: We are stupid
Problem 2: We don’t know what we don’t know
Problem 3: difference between who I want to be & who I am…
Problem 4: The keepers of algorithms know this
There have always been gatekeepers.
We have (theoretical) control over Big Brother
A Squirrel Dying In Your Front Yard May Be More Relevant To
Your Interests Right Now Than People
Dying In AfricaMark Zuckerberg
DIN ROLL?
THANK YOU!
Information• All images from www.flickr.com (unless specifically stated)
• Image & licensing info in the notes section of slides
• Presentation licensed: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
• The presentation can be downloaded from: www.slideshare.net/klang
• More information about me: www.techrisk.se & www.digital-rights.net
• Mathias Klang. [email protected] or @klang67