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leadership is the ability to influence individuals or groups toward the achievement of goals
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LEADERSHIP
DEFINITION The ability to influence individuals /
groups toward the achievement of goals.
As a process that shapes the goals of a group or organization, motivates behavior toward the achievement of those goals, and helps define group or organizational culture.
As the process of directing & influencing the task related activities of group members.
THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP
In this section, THREE (3) main leadership theories/perspectives will be discussed. They are :
The Great Man Theory / The Trait Theory
Behavioral Theory The Contingency / Situational Theory
THE GREAT MAN THEORY
According to this theory, leaders are born in families of leaders.
This theory explains that by looking at a person, you can tell whether he/she will be a leader in future.
THE TRAIT THEORY
This approach assumed that leaders share certain inborn personality traits.
Evaluation & selection of leaders are based on their physical, mental & psychological characteristics.
BEHAVIORAL APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP
In the Ohio and Michigan States studies, two aspects of leadership behavior were looked into.
The Ohio and Michigan States Studies Leadership functions Leadership styles
LEADERSHIP FUNCTION
A leader is considered to be effective if he/she practices these functions.› Task related / problem solving function
The task related functions involve having manager/leaders giving / suggesting solutions, offering information & opinion, counseling & giving advice.
› Group maintenance / social function These are actions that may help the group
to operate smoothly. (manager who practices empathy & sensitive to his/her subordinates’ feelings)
LEADERSHIP STYLES
The leadership functions generate two different leadership styles : › Task-oriented/production centered
The primary goal is getting the job done to his/her satisfaction. E.g. : supervises employees & concerned only with getting the job done rather than the development/growth of the employees
› Employee-oriented/people-centered Managers try to motivate rather than control
the employees. E.g. : respect & sensitivity to others
MANAGERIAL GRID
CONTINGENCY APPROACH TO LEADERSHIP
The theory was conducted to identify factors that contribute to effectiveness of leadership styles in a particular situation.
Two main leadership models developed under this theory were :› The Path-goal Model› The Life-cycle Theory/Situational Model
THE PATH GOAL MODEL
LIFE-CYCLE THEORY/SITUATIONAL APPROACH
TYPES OF POWER