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Additional Material-Lecture 2
MGT-101Financial Accounting
What is a transaction?
1. Transaction:
• Financial activity or event
• two parties
• Exchange of some goods or services
• For cash/ money or a promise of future payment
Features of transaction
• Between two parties
• Measurable in terms of money
• Transfer of property or service
• Affects the financial position of a business
What is BOOK KEEPING?
2. Book keeping:
• Part of accounting
• Systematic recording financial transactions
OR
• Art of recording business transactions in the books of accounts in systematic manner Presentation TitlePresentation Title
OBJECTIVES OF BOOK-KEEPING
• Provides financial data to management
• Provides a systematic record
• Keeps permanent record
• Provides details of each transaction
• Reflects the financial performance of a business.
OBJECTIVES OF ACCOUNTING
1. Primary:
• Maintenance of records
• Profit or loss calculation
• Financial position reflection
• Provide information to its users
Cont…
2. Secondary:
• Tax calculation & payment
• Provides evidence to prevent disputes
• Extracts correct & valid information
• Verification and counter check of cash
• Helps in future planning
USERS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION
Internal Users External Users
• Owners •Labor unions
• Managers •Financial analysis
• Employees •Stock Exchange
•Supplier
•Regulatory authorities
•Customers
•Financial press/media
•Trade associations
•Tax Authority
•Creditor/ investors
BOOK KEEPING VS. ACCOUNTINGBOOK KEEPING ACCOUNTING
•Nature and scope of work
Recording phase of an accounting system & basis of accounting
Summarizing phase of an accounting system & basis of business decisions.
•Skill
Does not require any special skill or knowledge
Requires special skill and knowledge and personal judgment
•Financial Statement
Not prepared from book keeping record. Prepared from accounting record.
•Financial conditions
Cannot give the complete and clear picture of the financial condition of business.
Shows complete and clear picture of the financial condition of business.
•Legality
Cannot help in complying with legal formalities.
can be complied with the help of accounting information
•Managerial decisions
Does not help in managerial decisions Helps in making managerial decisions.
SINGLE ENTRY VS. DOUBLE ENTRY
Presentation TitlePresentation Title
SINGLE ENTRY DOUBLE ENTRY
incomplete records (cash transactions only)
complete records (cash & Credit transactions)
statement of profit and loss in prepared to calculate profit
trading and profit & loss is prepared in order to ascertained the profit & Loss of business.
statement of affairs is maintained balance sheet is prepared.
Two aspects of a transaction is not recorded
two fold aspects of each and every transaction is recorded.
adopted by small scale business. adopted by large scale business.
DISADVANTAGES of Single entry book keeping
• Frauds and mistakes are difficult to detect
• Partial and incomplete records are maintained
• Balance sheet is not possible to prepare
• Nominal accounts & profit and loss account cannot be prepared.
• Accurate trial balance cannot be drawn
ADVANTAGES OF DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM
• Balanced trial balance
• Accurate net profit and loss
• Accurate balance sheet
• Less chances of fraud
• Easy detection of errors, omissions & fraud
• Helps in the valuations of business
• Helps in managing & supervising business activities
• Reflects true financial position of a business.
Thank You…
Presentation TitlePresentation Title