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1
Management Information Systems - Chapter 1
By: Prof. Y. Peter Chiu By: Prof. Y. Peter Chiu
2 / 20092 / 2009
2
Chapter 1
Managing the Digital Firm 1.1 Why Information Systems? 1.2 Contemporary Approaches to Information System
1.3 Toward the Digital Firm: The New Role of Information Systems
in Organizations
1.4 Learning to Use Information Systems: New Opportunities with Technology
3
1.1 Why Information Systems
Four powerful worldwide changes have altered the business environment :
Emergence of the Global Economy
Transformation of Industrial Economies
Transformation of the Business Enterprise
The Emerging Digital Firm
4
Management & control in a global marketplace
Competition in world markets
Global work groups
Global delivery systems
Globalization
1.1 Why Information Systems
5
Knowledge- and information-based economies
New products and services
Knowledge : A central productive and strategic asset
Time-based competition Shorter product life Turbulent environment Limited employee knowledge base
Transformation of Industrial Economies
1.1 Why Information Systems
6Fig 1-1: The growth of the information economy
7
Flattening Decentralization Flexibility Location Independence Low Transaction & Coordination Costs Empowerment Collaborative work and teamwork
Transformation of the Enterprise
1.1 Why Information Systems
8
Digitally enabled relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees
Core business processes accomplished via digital networks
Digital management of key corporate assets Rapid sensing and responding to environmental
changes
Emergence of the Digital Firm
1.1 Why Information Systems
9
1.1 Why Information Systems
Emergence of the Global Economy
Transformation of Industrial Economies
Transformation of the Business Enterprise
The Emerging Digital Firm
10Fig 1-3: Function of an information system
11
Using information system effectively requires an understanding of the Organization , Management , Information Technology
Fig 1-4
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Organization
People Structure Operating procedures Politics Culture
◆
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Major Organizational Functions
Sales & Marketing Manufacturing Finance Accounting Human Resources
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Major Organizational Functions
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Management
set the organizational strategy allocate the financial resources allocate the human resources coordinate the work leadership create new products or new services re-create organization from time to time
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Technology
tools to managers glue that holds the organization together Computer hardware Computer software Storage technology Telecommunications technology Information technology Infrastructure
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1.2 Contemporary Approaches to Information Systems
Technical approach Behavioral approach
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Fig 1-5: Contemporary approaches to information system.
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Technical approach
Theories of computability Methods of computation Methods of efficient data storage and access
Models for decision making Management practices
Computer science
Management science
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Technical approach
Mathematical techniques for optimizing selected parameters of organizations, such as transportation, inventory control, etc.
Operations research
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Behavioral Approach
Sociology
Psychology
Economics
Development of systems System affect individual, groups,
and organization.
How human decision makers perceive
and use formal information .
Impacts to firm and within markets - on control - cost structures
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Socio-Technical Systems
SOURCE: Liker, et al, 1987Figure 1-6
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Optimize systems performance:
Technology and organization
Organizations mutually adjust to one another until fit is satisfactory
Socio-Technical Systems
◆
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1.3 Toward the Digital Firm:The New Role of I.S. in Organizations
The widening scope of I.S. The network revolution and the internet
New options for organizational design: The Digital Firm and the Collaborative
Enterprise
The Digital Firm: E-commerce, E-business, and New Digital
Relationships▲2
25
Fig 1-7: The interdependence between organizations and information systems
1.3.1 The widening scope of I.S.1.3.1 The widening scope of I.S.
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Fig 1-8: The widening scope of information systems .
1.3.1 The widening scope of I.S.1.3.1 The widening scope of I.S.
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Information Systems
It affects the organization and its employees, and how they can make business more competitive and efficient .
It has become essential for creating competitive firms, managing global corporations, and providing useful products and services to customers.
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What you can do on the internet?
Communicate & collaborate
Access information
Participate in discussions
Supply information
Find entertainment
Exchange business transactions
1.3.2 The network revolution and the internet1.3.2 The network revolution and the internet
29
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INTERNET
International network of networks that is a collection of hundreds of thousands of private and public networks.
World Wide Web (WWW)
A system with universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a networked environment.
1.3.2 The network revolution and the internet1.3.2 The network revolution and the internet
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1.3.3 New Options for Organizational Design1.3.3 New Options for Organizational Design
The Digital Firm and the Collaborative Enterprise
Flattening Organizations and the Changing Management Processes
Separating Work from Location
Reorganizing Work Flows
Increasing Flexibility of Organizations
Redefining Organizational Boundaries
▲1
32Figure 1-9
Flattening Organizations Information Systems
1.3.3 New Options for Organizational Design1.3.3 New Options for Organizational Design
33Figure 1-10
Redesigned Work Flow For Insurance Underwriting
1.3.3 New Options for Organizational Design1.3.3 New Options for Organizational Design
34
E-commerce, E-business, and New Digital Relationships
Electronic market
A marketplace that is created by computer
and communication technologies that link
many buyers and sellers .
1.3.4 The Digital Firm1.3.4 The Digital Firm
35
Electronic Commerce The process of buying and selling goods and
services electronically involving transactions
using the internet, networks, and other digital
technologies.
Internet Links Buyers, Sellers
Lower Transaction Costs
Goods & Services Advertised, Bought, Exchanged
Worldwide
Business-to-Business Transactions Increasing
1.3.4 The Digital Firm1.3.4 The Digital Firm
36
Intranet An internal network based on Internet and
World Wide Web technology and standards.
Electronic Business The use of the Internet and other digital
technology for organizational communication and coordination and the management of the firm.
1.3.4 The Digital Firm1.3.4 The Digital Firm
37Figure 1-11
38
1.4 Learning to Use Information Systems: 1.4 Learning to Use Information Systems: New Opportunities with TechnologyNew Opportunities with Technology
Challenge of Information Systems:Key Management Issues
Strategic: competitive & effective Globalization: multinational info Info architecture: support goals Investment: value of information Responsibility & control: ethics
39
Figure 1-12
Information Architecture and Information Technology Infrastructure
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HOMEWORK Chap. 1 HOMEWORK Chap. 1 #1 Describe four trends in the global business environment
that have made information systems so important.
#2 What are the organization, management, and technology dimensions of information systems?
#3 Name and describe major organizational functions.
#4 Distinguish major disciplines of the behavior and the technical approach to information systems.
#5 Describe briefly what information systems are.
#6 Describe some of the major changes that information systems are bringing to organizations.
#7 Define E-Commerce, E-Business, and Intranet.
#8 What are the key management challenges involved in building, operating, and maintaining information systems today?
~ THE END ~~ THE END ~
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◆ ◆ 期末報告主題範疇期末報告主題範疇 ◆◆
1.1.商用軟體介紹 商用軟體介紹 e.g. PowerPoint, Excel, AccessAccess, .. ,
etc.
2. 2. 工工專業軟體介紹 工工專業軟體介紹 e.g. Lindo, Project, SASSAS, ..
, etc.
3. 3. 企業 企業 I.T.I.T. 應用個案介紹 應用個案介紹
e.g. 7-11, 台積電 , Cisco, etc.
4. 4. 其他應用系統介紹 其他應用系統介紹 e.g. CRM, 6σ6σ, KM, WBTWBT, 央圖系統央圖系統 , 朝陽圖系統朝陽圖系統 , .. , e
tc.
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◆ ◆ 期末報告大綱期末報告大綱 ◆◆
1. 1. 軟體、系統介紹 軟體、系統介紹 (1) 簡介 (2) 基本功能介紹 (3) 進階功能介紹 (4) 實例示範 (5) 結語
2. 2. 企業 企業 I.T.I.T. 應用個案介紹 應用個案介紹
(1) 企業簡介 (2) I.T. 應用介紹 (3) I.T. 應用成效 (4) 結語
Topic must be confirmed no later than week of 3/30Topic must be confirmed no later than week of 3/30
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Term Project topics:
1. Introduction to “Excel”
2. “Access”
3. “Visio”
4. “PowerPoint”
5. Others …